Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 11, Problem 13QAP
To determine
The reason why fusion does not occurs on the Earth.
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Multiple Choice
During the intermediate step of solar nuclear fusion
a. 1 deuterium fuse with 1 proton making helium-3
b. 2 protons fuse together making helium-3
c. 2 deuterium nuclei fuse together making helium-3
d. 1 deuterium fuse with 1 proton making helium-4
Assume that the core of the Sun has one-eighth of the Sun’s mass and is compressed within a sphere whose radius is one-fourth of the solar radius.Assume further that the composition of the core is 35% hydrogen by mass and that essentially all the Sun’s energy is generated there. If the Sun continues to burn hydrogen at the current rate of 6.2 *1011 kg/s, how long will it be before the hydrogen is entirely consumed? The Sun’s mass is 2.0 * 1030 kg.
The Local Bubble is:
a. a region of low density intersteller gas extending several hundred LY around the Sun
b. a region around any exploding star where material is expanding from the explosion
c. the region around very hot stars where hydrogen is ionized
Chapter 11 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 11.1CYUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11.2CYUCh. 11.3 - Prob. 11.3CYUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.4CYUCh. 11 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 11 - Prob. 6QAP
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- Someone suggests that astronomers build a special gamma-ray detector to detect gamma rays produced during the proton-proton chain in the core of the Sun, just like they built a neutrino detector. Explain why this would be a fruitless effort.arrow_forwardA 1.00-m2 solar panel on a satellite that keeps the panel oriented perpendicular to radiation arriving from the Sun absorbs 1.40 kJ of energy every second. The satellite is located at 1.00 AU from the Sun. (The Earth-Sun distance is approximately 1.00 AU.) How long would it take an identical panel that is also oriented perpendicular to the incoming radiation to absorb the same amount of energy, if it were on an interplanetary exploration vehicle 2.05 AU from the Sun? answer in secondsarrow_forwardOnly about 11% of the initial Hydrogen in the Sun is in the core where it is hot enough to burn. What was the total mass of the initial H in the core of the Sun? (Mass of the Sun is 1.989 × 10^30 kg)arrow_forward
- Assume that the core of the Sun has one-eighth of the Sun’s mass and is compressed within a sphere whose radius is one-fourth of the solar radius.Assume further that the composition of the core is 31% hydrogen by mass and that essentially all the Sun’s energy is generated there. If the Sun continues to burn hydrogen at the current rate of 6.33E11 kg/s, how long, in years, will it be before the hydrogen is entirely consumed? Mass of the Sun is 2.0x1030 kg.arrow_forwardThe Sun is powered by releasing hydrogen to helium. Through either the proton-proton chain or the CNO cycle, the basic reaction is 4 1H morph into 1 4He, releasing nuclear binding energy (and losing mass) in the process. The mass of one proton 1H is 1.6726 x 10-24 gm and the mass of one helium nucleus 4He is 6.6447 x 10-24 gm. What is the mass difference in gm between 4 protons and one helium nucleus? Calculate the ratio of the mass difference to the original mass of the 4 protons as a comparison.arrow_forwardWhat is the ultraviolet catastrophe?arrow_forward
- The microlensing technique for detecting extrasolar planets involves obtaining OBSERVING brightness measurements of a star and identifying brief, periodic dips in its brightness infrared images of a planet with the light from its host star blocked out a spectrum of a star and identifying periodic wavelength shifts in its features brightness measurements of a star and identifying a brief magnification in its brightness a spectrum of an extrasolar planet and identifying elements and compounds present in its atmospherearrow_forwardFour protons are combined in the proton-proton chain to make one helium nucleus. But, a helium nucleus only contains two protons. What has happened to two of the protons from the first step of the chain?arrow_forwardGusts of the solar wind travel as fast as 1000 km/s. How many days would the solar wind take to reach Earth at this speed? (Note: The average distance to the Sun is 1.496 ✕ 108 km.)arrow_forward
- The gravitational collapse time for the Sun is a constraint on the timescale for the formation of the Solar System: Using the mass of the Sun and a 6.67 X10-11 in S.I. units (m, kg, sec) as the value for G, calculate the gravitational collapse time in millions of years for the mass of the Sun in a nebula with radius 4 light years. Recall that: tgravity=R3GM−−−√tgravity=R3GM Group of answer choices 20 28 10 80arrow_forwardVirgin Galactic and Blue Origin are both hoping to be the first private company to launch military reconnaissance satellites into sun-synchronous orbits deliver supplies to the International Space Station launch civilian orbits to the International Space Station launch civilian tourists into spacearrow_forwardThe Sun emits 3.839 x 1026 J of energy every second, which is generated from the fusion of hydrogen into helium in its core. Using Einstein's equation E = mc2 (with c = 2.9979 x 108 m/s), determine how much mass the Sun converts to energy every second due to nuclear fusion in its core. If we assume that the Sun has been shining at this same rate through its entire 4.6 billion year history, how much mass has the Sun lost due to nuclear fusion during its lifetime? Express your answer as a fraction of the Sun's current mass (1.9891 x 1030 kg).arrow_forward
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