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INTERPRET DATA Using the graph in Figure 11-20, determine how many offspring were involved in the hypothetical cross studying skin color. What percentage had the lightest skin possible? the darkest skin possible?
Figure 11-20 Polygenic inheritance in human s pigmentation
This simplified example assumes that skin pigmentation in humans is governed by alleles of three unlinked loci. The alleles producing dark skin (A, B, and C) are represented by capital letters, but they are not dominant. Instead, their effects are additive. The number of dark dots, each signifying an allele producing dark skin, is counted to determine the phenotype. A wide range of
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
- Figure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white (p), and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares would you need to complete a Punnett square analysis of this cross?arrow_forwardGiven a cross between these two parents: BbCcDDEEFfGgHhjj x BbCcddEeFfGgHHjj where traits B, E, H, J exhibit Mendelian inheritance; C, and F exhibit incomplete dominance; D, and G exhibit co-dominance answer the following: What proportion of the offspring will phenotypically resemble the first parent? What proportion of the offspring will genotypically resemble the second parent? How many phenotypes can be expected from the cross?arrow_forwardIn humans brown eye color is dominant to blue eye color. Suppose that your mother is homozygous and your father is heterozygous and you have brown eyes. If you have a child with blue eyes, what are the possible genotypes of both of your parents? Group of answer choices Mother bb; Father bb Mother BB; Father BB Mother BB or bb; Father Bb Mother Bb ; Father Bbarrow_forward
- Skin color in humans is determined by polygenic inheritance, which means the more dominant alleles there are, the darker the skin color will be. A medium-toned skinned woman (AaBb) has a child with another medium-toned skinned man (AaBb). What is the probability of them having a very dark-toned skinned child? (Hint: the genotype is homozygous dominant)arrow_forwardA true-breeding purple-leafed plant isolated from one side of El Yunque, the rain forest in Puerto Rico, was crossed to a truebreeding white variety found on the other side. The F1 offspring were all purple. A large number of F1 * F1 crosses produced the following results: purple: 4219 white: 5781 (Total = 10,000) Propose an explanation for the inheritance of leaf color. As a geneticist, how might you go about testing your hypothesis? Describe the genetic experiments that you would conductarrow_forwardIn rabbits, the dominant allele B causes black fur and the recessive allele b causes brown fur; for an independently assorting gene, the dominant allele R causes long fur and the recessive allele r (for rex) causes short fur. A homozy-gous rabbit with long, black fur is crossed with a rabbit with short, brown fur, and the offspring are intercrossed. In the F2, what proportion of the rabbits with long, black fur will be homozygous for both genes? Is there a faster way to do this than to write every genotype out?arrow_forward
- Pigeons display a high color variety, here we try to understand the genetic basis of mixed red & black stippling of the feathers (kitey) and their genetic relation to black and red feather color. We conducted the following crosses: Cross Offspring kitey x kitey 16 kitey 5 black 3 red kitey x black 6 kitey 7 black red x kitey 18 red 9 kitey 6 black Have a look at the cross results and develop a hypothesis to explain the inheritance of kitey, black and red feather color in pigeons (Hint: assume that 2 loci are involved and some type of epistasis occurs) Question: provide hypothesis: ; provide the hypothetical genotypes for each crossingarrow_forwardConsider the pedigree Figure1. Unless there is evidence to the contrary, assume that individuals that have married into the family do not carry the recessive gene for the trait. Figure1. Human pedigree showing four generations. Circles represent females, and squares represent males. Shaded circles and squares represent albino individuals. What is the probability of cousins 1 x 12 producing an albino offspring? 4 x 5? 2 x 14? 12 x 16? 7 x 15? 16 x 17?arrow_forwardWhen Gregor Mendel performed his breeding experiments on pea plants, he discovered that tallness in the plants is inherited through a simple dominant trait (coded "T") with shortness as the recessive trait (coded "t"). Imagine that Mendel bred a homozygous dominant pea plant with a pea plant heterozygous for tallness. Draw a Punnett Square to help you answer this question and the next one: In the 1st generation of offspring, we expect the genotypes (for tallness) to include… a) 50% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous b) 100% heterozygous c) 50% tall, 50% short d) 100% tall e) None of the abovearrow_forward
- Both Bulldogs and chihuahua dogs can be found in a brindle color pattern. Say you have a few pairs of brindle Bulldogs and several pairs of brindle chihuahuas for your experiment. If you want to determine whether the brindle color in these two dog breeds was due to the same gene locus, how would you cross these animals to test this hypothesis? What assumptions are you making in even doing this test? What possible outcomes of your crosses would support or falsify this hypothesis?arrow_forwardIn rabbits, black hair is due to a dominant allele B and brown hair to its recessive allele b. Short hair (H) is dominant to long hair (h). Show punnet squares In a cross between a homozygous black, longhaired rabbit and a brown, homozygous shorthaired one, what would the F1 generation look like? If you did not know the genotype of an F1 rabbit, you could determine its genotype by a test cross in which it is crossed with an animal with which phenotype AND genotype? If you carried out this test cross (from 2, using the F1 from 1), what phenotypes and in what ratio would you expect? What phenotypes in what ratio would be expected in the F2 generation of the cross in point 1?arrow_forwardIn birds, wingspan is determined by two genes, one with complete dominance of one allele over the other, one with additive effects. Birds with genotype aabb has 16 cm long wingspan, whereas those with AABB has 20 cm long wingspan. A cross between AABB and aabb parents produced F1 with 19cm wingspan. Crossing the F1s produced F2 with the following phenotypes (in cm): 20.0 19.6 18.3 20.0 19.1 18.7 18.2 17.3 16.0 19.2 17.8 18.4 19.3 19.5 20.0 19.7 Determine the values of the following: NOTE: write the formula and the final answer Mean of the data Variance of the data Standard deviation According to these data, which wingspans are within one standard deviation of the mean?arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningConcepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College