EXPLORATIONS:INTRO.TO ASTRONOMY
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260150513
Author: ARNY
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 11, Problem 1TY
To determine
The option which gives the reason for the bright streak light as a meteoroid that enters our atmosphere.
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On February 15, 2013, Asteroid 2012 DA14 passed within 17,200 miles [mi] of the surface of the Earth at a relative speed of 7.8 kilometers per second [km/s]. This is considerably closer than the orbit of geosynchronous satellites (26,200 miles). This is the closest recorded approach of an object this large. The asteroid 2012 DA14 was estimated to have a diameter of 30 meters [m] and a specific gravity of 3. If 2012 DA14 had hit the Earth, what is the total amount of energy that would have been released (i.e., what was the kinetic energy of the asteroid)? Express your answer in megatons [Mton]. One megaton is the energy released by one million metric tons of TNT explosive. A metric ton equals 1,000 kilograms [kg], and the explosive energy of TNT is 4,184 joules per gram [J/g].
If the velocity of the solar wind is about 4.0 ✕ 102 km/s and the visible tail of a comet is 5.0 ✕ 108 km long, how many days does an atom in the solar wind take to travel from the nucleus to the end of the visible tail? (Note:1 day = 86,400 seconds.)
Chapter 11 Solutions
EXPLORATIONS:INTRO.TO ASTRONOMY
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 2QFRCh. 11 - How is a meteor heated?Ch. 11 - Prob. 4QFRCh. 11 - Where are most asteroids found?Ch. 11 - Prob. 6QFRCh. 11 - (11.2) How do we know that asteroids have a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 9QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 10QFR
Ch. 11 - Prob. 11QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 12QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 13QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 14QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 15QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 16QFRCh. 11 - What creates meteor showers? When do some occur?Ch. 11 - Prob. 18QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 19QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 20QFRCh. 11 - Prob. 1TQCh. 11 - Prob. 2TQCh. 11 - Prob. 3TQCh. 11 - Prob. 4TQCh. 11 - Prob. 5TQCh. 11 - Prob. 6TQCh. 11 - Prob. 7TQCh. 11 - Prob. 8TQCh. 11 - Prob. 1PCh. 11 - Prob. 2PCh. 11 - Prob. 3PCh. 11 - Prob. 4PCh. 11 - Prob. 5PCh. 11 - Prob. 6PCh. 11 - Prob. 7PCh. 11 - Prob. 8PCh. 11 - Prob. 9PCh. 11 - Prob. 10PCh. 11 - Prob. 11PCh. 11 - Prob. 1TYCh. 11 - Prob. 2TYCh. 11 - Prob. 3TYCh. 11 - Prob. 4TYCh. 11 - Prob. 5TYCh. 11 - Prob. 6TYCh. 11 - Prob. 7TYCh. 11 - Prob. 8TYCh. 11 - Prob. 9TYCh. 11 - Prob. 10TYCh. 11 - Prob. 11TY
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- Why are meteorites of primitive material considered more important than other meteorites? Why have most of them been found in Antarctica?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a meteoroid and an asteroid? Is there a sharp distinction?arrow_forwardIn what ways are meteorites different from meteors? What is the probable origin of each?arrow_forward
- If the velocity of the solar wind is about 4.0 102 km/s and the visible tail of a comet is 1.0 108 km long, how many days does an atom in the solar wind take to travel from the nucleus to the end of the visible tail? (Nate: 1 day = 86,400 seconds.)arrow_forwardIf Titan could be moved out to the orbit of Neptune would its atmosphere freeze into solid nitrogen? The formula to estimate the blackbody radiation temperature in Kelvin is: where α is the albedo at 0.3, L the luminosity is 1.5 Watts/meter2, σ , the Stefan Boltzmann constant is 5.67 X10-8 W/m2/K. What would be the temperature and would the atmosphere freeze out if the freezing point of N2 gas 63 K? answer choices 63 K, maybe 75 K, no 46 K, yes 103 K, noarrow_forwardWhy is the composition of a comet typically dominated by volatile materials (frozen ices)? choose one of the following: a. rock and metal could not condense out of the solar nebula at extreme distances from the sun b. most of the metal in the solar system is locked up inside the terrestrial planets c. metals are not stable in the outer solar system d. elements that form ices (as opposed to rock & metals) are more abundant in our solar systemarrow_forward
- The mass of an average comet's nucleus is about 1.0 ✕ 1014 kg. If the Oort cloud contains 2.0 ✕ 1011 comet nuclei, what is the mass of the cloud in units of Earth masses? (Note: Earth's mass is 5.97 ✕ 1024 kg.)________ m Compare that with Uranus's mass. (Note: Uranus's mass in units of Earth's mass is 14.5 M.) mass of the Oort Cloud / mas of Uranus =________arrow_forwardA 0.872 km diameter asteroid will make a crater about 10 km in diameter. Let the asteroid have a density of 3000 kg/m3 and impact the surface at 22 km/sec. Assuming a spherical asteroid, what is the kinetic energy (in joule) of the asteroid? Convert the answer to megatons of TNT, where 1 megaton is about 4 × 1015 joule. For comparison, the most energetic weapon in the human arsenal is about 100 megatons.arrow_forwardWhich meteorites are the most useful for defining the age of the solar system? Why?arrow_forward
- Explain the role of impacts in planetary evolution, including both giant impacts and more modest ones.arrow_forwardThe Tunguska asteroid is estimated to have had a diameter of 50 m, and to have produced an explosion equivalent to 10 megatons of TNT (1 megaton = 4.2 x 1015 joules). Assume that the asteroid was a sphere with density 2 g/cm3. Using the kinetic energy formula K = ½ mv2, where m is the mass and v is the speed, to estimate the speed of the asteroid. Assume that all kinetic energy is converted into the energy of the explosion. Give your answer in km/s with one significant figure.arrow_forward
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