EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103613828
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 3TYU
Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as aldosterone, cross the membranes of all cells but affect only target cells because
(A) only target cells retain the appropriate DNA segments.
(B) intracellular receptors are present only in target cells.
(C) only target cells have enzymes that break down aldosterone.
(D) only in target cells is aldosterone able to initiate the phosphorylation cascade that turns genes on.
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Students have asked these similar questions
1) Amino acids that contain hydroxyl groups in their R-groups can be phosphorylated during cellular signaling.
(a) What amino acids can be phosphorylated? (use the one letter amino acid abbreviations)
(b) Does phosphorylation turn a signaling protein “on” or “off”?
(c) Whatis the most common source of a phosphate used to phosphorylate a protein
(d) What enzyme type (or category of enzymes)removes phosphates from proteins?
It is important for the cell to be able to terminate responses, and diminish responsiveness to prevent overstimulation. Cells have different mechanisms for this. One such mechanism is receptor down regulation.
a.) Down regulation describes a decrease in the availability of hormones or neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on the surface of target cells, making the cells less likely to be stimulated.
b.) Down regulation describes glycosylation of receptor proteins receptors on the surface of target cells in order to decrease the selectivity of ligand binding, making the cells less sensitive to a hormone or neurotransmitter.
c.) Down regulation describes a decrease in the number of receptors on the surface of target cells, making the cells less sensitive to a hormone or neurotransmitter.
Endothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides produced primarily in the endothelium. They have an important role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelin activates G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) ETA or ETB on a target cell. Which subunit of heterotrimeric G protein is released when the receptor is activated?
a.) gamme
b.) beta
c.) alpha
Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
Ch. 11.1 - Explain how signaling is involved in ensuring that...Ch. 11.1 - In liver cells, glycogen Phosphorylase acts in...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.2 - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a water-soluble...Ch. 11.2 - WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made...Ch. 11.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similar to...Ch. 11.3 - What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in...Ch. 11.3 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 11.3 - What is the actual signal that is being transduced...Ch. 11.3 - WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that...
Ch. 11.4 - How can a targct cell's response to a single...Ch. 11.4 - WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.5 - Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic...Ch. 11.5 - WH AT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should...Ch. 11 - What determines whether a cell responds to a...Ch. 11 - How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a protein kinase...Ch. 11 - What mechanisms in the cell terminale its response...Ch. 11 - What is an explanation for the similarities...Ch. 11 - Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of...Ch. 11 - The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is...Ch. 11 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 11 - Consider this pathway: epinephrine G...Ch. 11 - Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?...Ch. 11 - Which Observation suggestcd to Sutherland the...Ch. 11 - Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with...Ch. 11 - DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway,...Ch. 11 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutlonary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 11 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The aging process...Ch. 11 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties...Ch. 11 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE There are five basic...
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- Signaling by tyrosine kinase receptors is generally associated with all of the following except: A) receptor dimerization B) growth factor responses C) heterotrimeric G proteins D) cross phosphorylation E) generating protein binding sites due to phosphorylationarrow_forwardIn intercellular signaling pathways, some receptor proteins can also act as a transcription factor (changing gene expression), because these receptors are ________. A) Group of answer choices B) Intracellular receptors C) Membrane bound receptors D) G protein coupled receptors E) Enzyme linked receptors F) Fast ligand-gated ion channelsarrow_forwardAlthough insulin initially acts through a tyrosine kinase receptor it also subsequently results in activation of a Ser/Thr protein kinase. Which one? A) Protein kinase A B) Protein kinase B C) Protein kinase C D) Ras E) Phosphoinositide-3-kinasearrow_forward
- Comparing cells synthesizing secretory proteins and cells secreting steroid hormones, the cells synthesizing the steroid hormones have: A) more rough ER. B) more smooth ER C) equal amounts of smooth and rough ER D) equal amounts of smooth and rough ER, but more lysosomes. E) equal amounts of smooth and rough ER, but fewer lysosomes.arrow_forwardThe hormones known as "catecholamines" (adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine) are not lipid-soluble. Therefore their receptor sites are: O a) On the inside of the plasma membrane O b) On the outside of the plasma membrane O c) In the cell cytoplasm O d) In the cell nucleusarrow_forwardWhen a chemical signal binds to an intracellular receptor ... a) ... it leads to the activation of G proteins. b) ... causes the receptor-hormone complex to open or close ion channels. c) ... the cell reacts faster than when a chemical signal binds to membrane-bound receptors. d) ... it leads to the formation of mRNA. e) ... the chemical signal is usually a large, water-soluble molecule.arrow_forward
- Signaling by tyrosine kinase receptors is generally associated with all of the following except: OA) receptor dimerization B) growth factor responses C) heterotrimeric G proteins OD) cross phosphorylation E) generating protein binding sites due to phosphorylationarrow_forwardSignaling molecules interact with cells through specific macromolecular receptors. For each of the four receptors identified below, list all characteris- tics, by number, which accurately describe that receptor. (a) An adrenergic receptor (b) A steroid receptor (c) The LDL receptor. (d) The insulin receptor, (1) Located at the cell surface (2) Associated with the protein clathrin (3) Ligand binding stimulates the activity of phospholipase C (4) A transmembrane protein (5) A DNA-binding protein (6) Located in the cell interior (7) Receptor-ligand complex moves to the lysosome (8) Receptor-ligand complex becomes concentrated in the nucleus (9) Receptor activation can inhibit the synthesis of glycogen (10) The hormone-receptor complex activates specific gene transcription (11) Internalization decreases the synthesis of cholesterol estersarrow_forwardWhich signaling molecule or molecules bind to a G-protein coupled receptor? (note: there may or may not be more then one answer) a) cortisol b) insulin c) glucagon d) calcium e) cyclic AMP f) epinephrinearrow_forward
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