EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103613828
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 2TYU
The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is characterized by
(A) dimeiization and phosphorylation.
(B) dimerization and IP3 binding.
(C) a phosphorylation cascade.
(D) GTP liydrolysis.
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Students have asked these similar questions
3) Acetylcholine binds to a GPCR on heart muscle, making the heart beat more slowly.
The activated receptor stimulates a G protein, which opens a K+ channel in the
plasma membrane, as shown in Figure 1. Which of the following would enhance
this effect of the acetylcholine?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Figure 1
addition of a high concentration of a non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP
addition of a drug that prevents the a subunit from exchanging GDP for
GTP
mutations in the acetylcholine receptor that weaken the interaction
between the receptor and acetylcholine
mutations in the acetylcholine receptor that weaken the interaction
between the receptor and the G protein
Endothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides produced primarily in the endothelium. They have an important role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelin activates G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) ETA or ETB on a target cell. Which subunit of heterotrimeric G protein is released when the receptor is activated?
a.) gamme
b.) beta
c.) alpha
Signaling molecules interact with cells through specific macromolecular
receptors. For each of the four receptors identified below, list all characteris-
tics, by number, which accurately describe that receptor.
(a) An adrenergic receptor
(b) A steroid receptor
(c) The LDL receptor.
(d) The insulin receptor,
(1) Located at the cell surface
(2) Associated with the protein clathrin
(3) Ligand binding stimulates the activity of phospholipase C
(4) A transmembrane protein
(5) A DNA-binding protein
(6) Located in the cell interior
(7) Receptor-ligand complex moves to the lysosome
(8) Receptor-ligand complex becomes concentrated in the nucleus
(9) Receptor activation can inhibit the synthesis of glycogen
(10) The hormone-receptor complex activates specific gene transcription
(11) Internalization decreases the synthesis of cholesterol esters
Chapter 11 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
Ch. 11.1 - Explain how signaling is involved in ensuring that...Ch. 11.1 - In liver cells, glycogen Phosphorylase acts in...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.2 - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a water-soluble...Ch. 11.2 - WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made...Ch. 11.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similar to...Ch. 11.3 - What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in...Ch. 11.3 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 11.3 - What is the actual signal that is being transduced...Ch. 11.3 - WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that...
Ch. 11.4 - How can a targct cell's response to a single...Ch. 11.4 - WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.5 - Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic...Ch. 11.5 - WH AT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should...Ch. 11 - What determines whether a cell responds to a...Ch. 11 - How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a protein kinase...Ch. 11 - What mechanisms in the cell terminale its response...Ch. 11 - What is an explanation for the similarities...Ch. 11 - Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of...Ch. 11 - The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is...Ch. 11 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 11 - Consider this pathway: epinephrine G...Ch. 11 - Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?...Ch. 11 - Which Observation suggestcd to Sutherland the...Ch. 11 - Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with...Ch. 11 - DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway,...Ch. 11 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutlonary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 11 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The aging process...Ch. 11 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties...Ch. 11 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE There are five basic...
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- Compare and contrast GPCR and RTK receptors with respect to (a)structure (especially the transmembrane region), (b) activation mechanism, and (c) initial signal transduction across the membrane.arrow_forwardA GRK inhibitor would have what effect on GPCR inactivation in the presence of a GPCR agonist? (a) it would decrease it; (b) it would maintain the same rate of inactivation; (c) it would increase it.arrow_forwardThe Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below: A. Knowing the amino acid sequence of this protein, what tool would you use to identify the membrane-spanning region? Explain how it works.arrow_forward
- Each adenylyl cyclase molecule produces many cAMP molecules in an example of (a) receptor up-regulation (b) receptor down-regulation (c) signal amplification (d) scaffolding (e) similarities produced by evolutionarrow_forwardThere is a relatively high concentration of phosphatidylcholine on the lumenal side of the ER membrane. What feature of membranes is responsible for this effect?arrow_forwardWhen Hedgehog binds to Patched, this not only activates the signaling pathway but alsoactivates the receptor-mediated endocytosis of Patched, so there is less Patched on the plasmamembrane to inhibit Smoothened. a. Outline the steps of receptor-mediated endocytosis, including the roles for each proteininvolved. Hint: if your answer does not include the protein dynamin, you are notproviding enough detail. b. What will happen to Patched after it enters the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis?Assume that Patched is not recycled back to the plasma membrane.arrow_forward
- What is the mechanism by which voltage-gated channels open in response to voltage changes? Choose the best answer: (a) Voltage changes cause release of ligand (b) Voltage changes shift the receptor from the inactivated to active state (c) Charged residues in the channel lead to a conformation change (d) Voltage changes lead to increased force from ions attempting to pass through (e) Voltage changes increase ion channel expression I wish to select answer (c), but I am not sure it is the best answer compared with (b) and (d). Thus I wish to seek your expertise advice.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true? a) Phospholipase C catalyzes the conversion of PIP3 to IP3 and DAG b) PI3K catalyzes the conversion of PIP2 to PIP3 c) Both a and b d) Neither a or barrow_forwardWhich statement is TRUE regarding the Na+ voltage-gated channel in neurons? A) Similar to the potassium ion channel, it exists as a tetramer in the membrane. B) Aspartate residues are part of the voltage-sensing helices. C) Positive membrane potentials on the extracellular side will close the channel. D) Ion specificity comes from the voltage-sensing helices.arrow_forward
- A) Please explain what a G protein coupled receptor is. Please explain how G protein interacts with this receptor. B) Please explain the kind of reactions that follow binding a specific ligand to a G protein coupled receptor. What do these reactions do in the cell? C) How do these reactions work in the cell. What is the function of these reactions in the cell? How do the reactions proceed?arrow_forwardMany enzymes can hydrolyze GTP between the β and γ phosphates. The GTP analog β,γ-imidoguanosine 5′-triphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), shown below, cannot be hydrolyzed between the β and γ phosphates. Predict the effect of microinjection of Gpp(NH)p into a myocyte on the cell’s response to β-adrenergic stimulation.arrow_forwardb) Complete the following flow chart| (a membrane phospholipid)_ Hydrolysed by phospholipase C, to produce Remains associated with plasma membrane a small polar molecule released to cytosol, diffuses to the iv. and causes the release of v. by binding to receptors that are ligand-gated channels. Activates other proteins Activates vi which then phosphorylates other intracellular targets. form complex with vii.arrow_forward
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