Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 4TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Signal transduction is the cellular process involving binding of signaling molecule to a receptor present on cell surface and transmission through the cell triggering a cascade of events inside the cell.
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Students have asked these similar questions
For cellular transduction, why is it useful that phosphorylation cascades have a series of protein kinases?
a.
they amplify the original signal
b.
they always lead to the same cellular response
c.
the number of molecules used is small and fixed
d.
they are cell specific
The body produces a normal amount of testosterone. However, a particular cell you are studying has an unusually low number of testosterone receptors. How might the cell's response to testosterone be affected by its low number of testosterone receptors?
A.
The cell will activate more protein kinases in response to testosterone exposure than a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors.
B.
The cell will make less mRNA in response to testosterone exposure.
C.
The cell will make less cAMP in response to testosterone exposure.
D.
The cell’s response to testosterone exposure will be identical to the response of a cell with a normal number of testosterone receptors.
Briefly describe how a single signaling molecule signal is amplified inside a cell.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
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- What is the function of a phosphatase? a. A phosphatase removes phosphorylated amino acids from proteins. b. A phosphatase removes the phosphate group from phosphorylated amino acid residues in a protein. c. A phosphatase phosphorylates serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. d. A phosphatase degrades second messengers in the cell.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of Ras during tyrosine kinase cell signaling? a. It activates the opening of channel-linked receptors. b. It is an enzyme that synthesizes second messengers. c. It links the receptor protein to the MAP kinase pathway. d. It phosphorylates other enzymes as part of a pathway.arrow_forwardWhat makes it possible for a neurotransmitter to act on a cell? Select one: a. Gene transcription is closely regulated in the cell b. the cell has DNA, RNA, and proteins c. the cell has proteins that bind to the neurotransmitter d. the cell grows in response to neurotransmitter release e. all of thesearrow_forward
- A researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Based on the researcher’s observations on filamentous actin, what other observation regarding cell chemotaxis was MOST likely observed? A. The cell moved toward the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. B. The cell moved away from the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. C. The cell first moved toward and then away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A. D. The cell did not move toward or away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.arrow_forwardSignal transduction pathways benefit cells for all of the following reasons except : a. they enable different cells to respond appropriately to the same signal. b. they can amplify and diversify a signal. c. they help cells use up phosphate generated by ATP breakdown. d. they help cells respond to signal molecules that are too large or too polar to cross the plasma membranearrow_forwardHow is an extracellular signal converted to an intracellular signal in signal transduction? Give a specific example.arrow_forward
- What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell? a. The molecules bind to the extracellular domain. b. The molecules are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane. c. The molecules are attached to transport proteins that deliver them through the bloodstream to target cells. d. The ligands are able to penetrate the membrane and directly influence gene expression upon receptor binding.arrow_forwardA cell releases chemical signals into its surrounding space in order to communicate with neighboring cells. Which of the following must occur for the communication to be successful? A. The neighboring cells must be able to absorb the chemicals through diffusion. B. The neighboring cell must have the right receptor to receive the signal. C. The chemical signal must bind to hormones on the neighboring cells. D. The same chemical signal must be produced within the neighboring cellsarrow_forwardWhich statement is not true about G proteins? A. They are integral membrane proteins. B. They are slowly inactivated by their own GTPase activity. C. They are multisubunit proteins consisting of α, β and γ subunits. D. They act as transducers for hormonesarrow_forward
- Signaling within organisms can occur using action potentials (short-term signaling) and/or hormones (long-term signaling). Identify situations where each type of signaling would be better. Describe why having a long-term signaling system is beneficial to organisms (2-3 sentences).arrow_forwardWhat type of cell signaling receptor is depicted below a. Cytoplasmic Receptor b. Transmembrane Receptor c. Intracellular Receptor d. Nuclear Receptorarrow_forwardWhat is the function of tight junctions? a. To allow cells to move b. To keep cells from moving c. To seal neighboring cells together and prevent leakage of d. extracellular molecules† e. To keep cancer cells together, forming a tumorarrow_forward
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