Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 10TYPSS
Summary Introduction
To review:
An antibody binds to the receptor tyrosine kinase, addition of antibody to the cell and activation of the cell response, even when no signaling molecule is present. The reason behind this result.
Introduction:
Antibodies are the proteinaceous substances that are produced by the body in response to an immune breach. It can bind to an entity similar to itself, often a protein. In the similar manner, they can change the conformation of the attached molecule.
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Students have asked these similar questions
A particular protein can bind to receptor tyrosine kinase molecules inhibiting their dimerization (stops them from being able to form dimers). Explain what effect you think this protein could have on the signal transduction pathways that use tyrosine kinase as a receptor if it were to be present in a cell.
Below are schematics of two cell signalling pathways. Based on these diagrams,
which of the following statements are likely true? Choose only the best answer.
Cell 1
Receptor 1
✓
Adenylyl cyclase
V
CAMP
V
Protein kinase A
✓
Protein kinase
V
Response 1
Receptor 2
✓
Protein kinase
V
Protein kinase
V
Response 2
Cell 2
Only Cell 1 contains a relay molecule.
The receptor of Cell 1 must be a receptor tyrosine kinase.
All of the other statements are likely true.
There is likely greater amplification of the signal in Cell 1.
Receptor 3
Protein kinase
Different cell types express different types of receptors; even asingle cell may express multiple receptor types. Explain?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
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- Intracellular signaling pathways provide multiple opportunities for the amplification of a response to an extracellular signal. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True Falsearrow_forwardA cell signaling molecule that triggers an effect only in the vicinity of the cell secreting is is an example of ?arrow_forwardYou are studying the role of CAMP in cell signaling. You hypothesize that 2 intracellular signaling proteins, named GO and TIGERS, interact with each other when cells are treated with an extracellular source of CAMP. The two proteins were tagged with CFP or YFP (CFP = cyan fluorescent protein; YFP = yellow fluorescent protein). CFP is excited by 435 nm light and emits lights at 480 nm. YFP is excited by 480 nm light and emits light at 535 nm. 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 600 Fluorescence 400 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Fluorescence Intensity 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Figure Legend. A. Cells expressing GO-CFP irradiate with 435 nm light. B. Cells expressing TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. C. Cells expressing TIGERS- YFP and irradiated with 480 nm light. D. Cells expressing GO-CFP and TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. E. Cells expressing GO-CFP and…arrow_forward
- Describe three different responses of a cell-surfacereceptor on binding a signaling molecule and undergoing aconformational change.arrow_forwardwhen kidney cells secrete low levels of oxygen in the blood they secrete erythropoietin. in this particular signaling pathway (response to low oxygen) the secretion of erythropoietin represents which step of the signal transdution process?arrow_forwardDescribe the functions of various components of intracellular signaling pathways with diagrams. Explain the three classes of cell-surface receptors.arrow_forward
- Working out the order in which the individual components in a signaling pathway act is an essential step in defining the pathway. Imagine that two protein kinases, PK1 and PK2, act sequentially in a kinase cascade. When either kinase is completely inactivated, cells do not respond to the normal extracellular signal. By contrast, cells containing a mutant form of PK1 that is permanently active respond even in the absence of an extracellular signal. Double mutant cells that contain inactivated PK2 and permanently active PK1 respond in the absence of a signal. Draw out the signaling pathway in a wild-type cell. What outcome is predicted for a double mutant cell with an activating mutation in PK2 and an inactivating mutation in PK1? Explain your reasoningarrow_forwardYou are studying a pathogenic bacterium which secretes a toxin that affects G protein receptor signaling. You perform a preliminary experiment in which you examine intracellular CAMP levels in untreated and toxin treated cells. The data is in the figure below. How does the toxin affect CAMP levels due to G protein receptor signaling? Select all that apply CAMP levels 250 200 150 100 50 0 no Toxin with Toxin The toxin stimulates GTP binding to the Gas subunit The toxin stimulates GTP binding to the Gai subunit The toxin inhibits GAP or GTPase activating proteins The toxin stimulates adenylyl cyclase activityarrow_forwardG protein coupled receptors play an important role in signal transduction in many cells. Label the four essential components of the G protein coupled receptor signaling system (blanks a-d in the picture) by choosing from the menus below. a b b Each answer will be used at most once, while some will not be used at all (select one for each): Group of answer choices transcription factor с transcription factor Show Transcribed Text d transcription factor B C. transcription factor G protein second messenger G protein second messenger IE G protein second messenger G protein second messenger receptor receptor receptor receptor enzyme enzyme enzyme enzyme steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormone steroid hormonearrow_forward
- Imagine a disease that involves reduced expression of receptor X. There is no concentration of full agonist that can restore receptor X signaling back to normal levels. Explain how an allosteric modulator may be used to help in this situation.arrow_forwardThe Luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) is a GPCR that predominantly couples to Gαs (G alpha s) G proteins in response to binding of the endogenous ligand luteinizing hormone (LH). Briefly describe how activation of this receptor ultimately leads to protein kinase A (PKA) activation.arrow_forwardBriefly explain how integrin inside-out and outside-in signaling is different structurally and functionally? (hint: explain what happened to ligand binding and conformation)arrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license