Macroeconomics (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134167398
Author: Andrew B. Abel, Ben Bernanke, Dean Croushore
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 6RQ
To determine
To Explain: The means by which an increase in government purchases impacts upon the level of output and the rate of real interest in the long run and the short run as suggested by the Keynesian school of thought.
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Figure 1: Hayek’s (Classical) AD-AS Model
1.1. Hayek says that markets will heal themselves and that government should not intervene. How does the AD-AS model reflect Hayek’s idea that governments cannot increase real GDP beyond the level that the free market economy is able to produce?
1.2. Do you believe that the Hayek’s classical AD-AS model explain the factors that cause changes (shifts) in AS realistically? Why or why not?
Figure 2: Keynes’s AD-AS Model
2.1. In Figure 2 above, what are the factors that may cause the aggregate demand to shift from AD to AD1? What is the difference between demand pull inflation, cost push inflation and recession?
2.2. In macroeconomics, the immediate short run is known as a length of time when both input prices and output prices are fixed. In the short-run, input prices are fixed but output prices are variable. In the long run, input prices and output prices can vary.
Describe the AS curve in the Immediate Short run.
Describe the AS curve…
Starting from general equilibrium, what would be the long-run effects of a simultaneous reduction in government purchases (G↓) and increase in the money supply (M↑) designed to leave real GDP the same on each of the following economic variables? For each, you should write one of the following responses: Up (U), Down (D), orSame (S)
The real interest rate (r)
Investment (I)
Consumption (C)
The price level (P)
Budget deficit (G – T)
Future standard of living (i.e., future per capita consumption)
Keynesian economics defends budget balance. However, according to economists, budget balance may exacerbate the effects of the business cycle. Isn't it also a Keynesian view to use discretionary policy to smoothen the business cycles? Aren't those two views contradictory?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Macroeconomics (9th Edition)
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- In the long run, what happens to consumption, investment, and the interest ratewhen the government increases taxes in a closed economy?If inflation rises from 10 to 14 percent, explain what happens to real and nominal interest rates according to the Fisher effect?arrow_forwardStarting from general equilibrium, what would be the long-run effects of a simultaneous reduction in government purchases (G↓) and increase in the money supply (M↑) designed to leave real GDP the same on each of the following economic variables? For each, you should write one of the following responses: Up (U), Down (D), orSame (S) The real interest rate (r) Investment (I) Consumption (C) The price level (P) Budget deficit (G – T)arrow_forwardWhat happens when firms and workers underestimate future prices in the economy? Focus your answer on what would happen to actual output as opposed to the expected potential output. (Course is macroeconomics).arrow_forward
- Use the Keynesian Cross model to show the effect of a decrease in government spending of ∆� on the economy. Discuss the path of the economy as it adjusts to the new medium-run equilibrium. Why does the economy not continue to contract?arrow_forwardIn the Keynesian model (that is, the short run), what causes recessions?arrow_forwardPlease please answer this asap... What effects do you think monetary policy and fiscal policy has on the day-to-day operations of a business? Should a business owner be concerned with these kinds of macroeconomic issues? If so, why?arrow_forward
- What is the philosophical, economic essence of Keynesian doctrine or “Keynesianism” that emerged from the experience and attempted explanations of the Great Depression ? What would all Keynesians believe, in order to be “Keynesian?”arrow_forwardAccording to Keynesian business cycle theory, what should the government do in response to a recession? A. Cut government spending B. Increase government spending C. Increase interest rates D. Expand the money supply E. A and D F. B and Darrow_forwardIn the New Keynesian model, suppose that in the short run the central bank cannot observe aggregate output or the shocks that hit the economy. However, the central bank would like to come as close as possible to economic efficiency. That is, ideally the central bank would like the output gap to be zero. Suppose initially that the economy is in equilibrium with a zero-output gap. (a) Suppose that there is a shift in money demand. That is, the quantity of money demanded increases for each interest rate and level of real income. How well does the central bank perform in relative to its goal? Explain using diagrams. (b) Suppose that firms expect total factor productivity to increase in the future. Repeat part (a). (c) Suppose that total factor productivity increases in the current period. Repeat part (a). (d) Explain any differences in your results in parts (a)–(c) and explain what this implies about the wisdom of following an interest rate rule for the central bank. Problem 6 assumes that…arrow_forward
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