Microeconomics (2nd Edition) (Pearson Series in Economics)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134492049
Author: Daron Acemoglu, David Laibson, John List
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 11, Problem 7P
(a)
To determine
A downward sloping labor demand curve and the part of the curve that maximizes total productivity.
(b)
To determine
Point where average productivity is maximized.
(c)
To determine
Create a labor supply curve and explain why the intersection of labor
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The graph above shows a labor market where the downward-sloping curve is firm demand for labor and the upward-sloping curve is the worker supply curve. The vertical axis shows the hourly wage and the horizontal axis shows the number of full-time workers. Suppose a minimum wage of $9 is instituted. How many unemployed workers will result from the minimum wage? (Note: An unemployed worker is anyone who wants to work but cannot find a job.)
Consider a competitive labor market. Using the model of how income is determined in a labor market, describe the effects on wages and number of individuals employed of an increase in the productivity of labor in that market. What will happen and why? In your answer, be sure that you describe why the supply and demand curves are shaped as they are.
Suppose a binding minimum wage is imposed on the labor market, then basic microeconomics predicts that,
a shortage of labor will occur, hence unemployment increases.
a surplus of labor will occur, hence unemployment increases.
a shortage of labor will occur, hence unemployment decreases.
a surplus of labor will occur, hence unemployment decreases.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Microeconomics (2nd Edition) (Pearson Series in Economics)
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- When the supply curve is upward sloping, by practicing the minimum wage law a surplus is created in the economy. What happens when the labour supply curve is vertical? Does it still have a surplus? Surplus of what? Also, when a minimum wage law is imposed in the labour market, despite of the effects in the economy, why do the producers argue for a wage rise? Draw relevant diagram and discuss all the points raised above.!arrow_forwardRelated to the theory of equilibrium in the labor market. Describe the impact of the following policies on equilibrium in the labor market in detail (Assumption: Labor supply is elastic): a. Payroll Tax imposed on companies.b. Imposition of Income Tax which is borne by employees.c. Income Subsidy Imposition (Payroll Subsidy)arrow_forwardMinimum-wage laws and unemployment Consider the market for labor depicted by the demand and supply curves that follow. Complete the following table with the quantity of labor supplied and demanded if the wage is set at $12.50. Then indicate whether this wage will result in a shortage or a surplus. Suppose a senator considers introducing a bill to legislate a minimum hourly wage of $12.50. Which of the following statements are true? Check all that apply. Binding minimum wages cause structural unemployment. in this labor market, a minimum wage of $9.50 would be binding. In the absence of price controls, a surplus puts downward pressure on wages until they fall to equilibrium. If the minimum wage is set at $12.50, the market will not reach equilibrium.arrow_forward
- How do minimum wages affect wages, employment, and unemployment? In a competitive labor market, the demand for workers is given as QD = 10,000 - 100W, and the supply of workers is given as QS = 2,000 + 1,900W, where Q is the quantity of workers employed and W is the hourly wage. What is the initial equilibrium wage and employment level? Suppose that the government decides that $5 per hour is the minimum allowable wage in any market. How would this new minimum wage alter this market? What would the new employment level be? What would happen to total payments to labor? Would there be any excess supply of labor? If so, how much?arrow_forwardAccording to theory, do firms or workers bear the cost of mandated benefits funded by payroll taxes? Explain with a graph depicting labor supply and demand.arrow_forwardHow would imposing a minimum wage below the market-clearing wage affect employment in a competitive labor market? Group of answer choices a. Employment would be unchanged because the market forces drive the wage to a higher level. b. Employment would decrease as some workers who are willing to work at the lower competitive wage would no longer be able to find work. there would be a shortage of labor c. Employment would increase because setting a minimum wage below the market wage would increase the quantity of labor demanded d. Employment would decrease because the quantity of labor supplied would decreasearrow_forward
- The legislature in a state in the South passes strong "right-to-work" laws that make it very difficult for unions to organize workers, so the wage is always equal to the market-clearing value. Except for this difference in legislation, the northern and southern states are very similar.The initial position of a supply-and-demand graph corresponds to the initial labor market condition in the southern state before the labor union negotiated the new, higher wage for workers in the northern state.Suppose that after the wage goes up in the northern state, some workers in the northern state lose their jobs and decide to move to the southern state. Which of the following groups are better off as a result of the union action in the northern state? (select all that apply) a) The original workers in the southern state b) Workers in the northern state employed at the union wage c) Employers in the northern state d) Workers who find new jobs in the southern statearrow_forwardConsider a consumer who could earn $400 per week and has 50 weeks available each year to allocate between work (H) and nonmarket time (L). They have no non-labour income. Their utility function is U = C2L , where C is the value of consumption goods. What is their optimal choice for the number of weeks in nonmarket time and consumption? Show this in a diagram. Suppose the government introduces a policy that (i) offers no benefits to people who do not work, (ii) offers a wage subsidy on earnings at a rate of 25%, with a maximum benefit of $5000, and (iii) the benefit is subject to reduction at a rate of 25% for every dollar earned above $20,000 in the year. Show the person’s new budget constraint in a new diagram, and discuss how the person’s optimal choice might change (you do not have to calculate this, but point to where it is likely on the new budget constraint). Discuss how income and substitution effects play a role.arrow_forwardA more elastic labor supply shows that hours worked is more responsive to changes in tax rates. True or false?arrow_forward
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