Scientist Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) is often called the “father of modem genetics� and is famous for his work involving the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants. Suppose that the genes controlling the color of peas are Y for yellow and y for green. Each plant has two genes, one from the female (seed) and one from the male (pollen). The Y gene is dominant, and therefore a plant with genes YY will have yellow peas, a plant with genes Yy or yY will have yellow peas, and a plant with genes yy will have green peas. If a plant with two yellow genes YY is crossed with a plant with two green genes yy , the result is four hybrid offspring with genotypes Yy . The offspring will be yellow, but will carry the recessive green gene. Suppose that one parent pea plant has genotype YY and the other has genotype Yy . a. Make a chart showing the possible genotypes of the offspring. b. What is the probability that a given offspring will have green peas? c. What is the probability that a given offspring will have yellow peas?
Scientist Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) is often called the “father of modem genetics� and is famous for his work involving the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants. Suppose that the genes controlling the color of peas are Y for yellow and y for green. Each plant has two genes, one from the female (seed) and one from the male (pollen). The Y gene is dominant, and therefore a plant with genes YY will have yellow peas, a plant with genes Yy or yY will have yellow peas, and a plant with genes yy will have green peas. If a plant with two yellow genes YY is crossed with a plant with two green genes yy , the result is four hybrid offspring with genotypes Yy . The offspring will be yellow, but will carry the recessive green gene. Suppose that one parent pea plant has genotype YY and the other has genotype Yy . a. Make a chart showing the possible genotypes of the offspring. b. What is the probability that a given offspring will have green peas? c. What is the probability that a given offspring will have yellow peas?
Solution Summary: The author explains that if a plant with two yellow genes (YY) is crossed with another plant, the outcome is four hybrid offspring with genotypes Yy.
Scientist Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) is often called the “father of modem genetics� and is famous for his work involving the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants. Suppose that the genes controlling the color of peas are
Y
for yellow and
y
for green. Each plant has two genes, one from the female (seed) and one from the male (pollen). The
Y
gene is dominant, and therefore a plant with genes
YY
will have yellow peas, a plant with genes
Yy
or
yY
will have yellow peas, and a plant with genes
yy
will have green peas.
If a plant with two yellow genes
YY
is crossed with a plant with two green genes
yy
, the result is four hybrid offspring with genotypes
Yy
. The offspring will be yellow, but will carry the recessive green gene.
Suppose that one parent pea plant has genotype
YY
and the other has genotype
Yy
.
a. Make a chart showing the possible genotypes of the offspring.
b. What is the probability that a given offspring will have green peas?
c. What is the probability that a given offspring will have yellow peas?
Sickle-cell anemia is an inherited disease in which red blood cells are misshapen and sticky. Sickle cells tend to form clumps in blood vessels, inhibiting the flow of blood. Humans have two genes for sickle-cell anemia, either of which may be S for normal cells or s for sickle cells. A person with two copies of the s gene will have sickle-cell anemia. A person with one s gene and one S gene will not have the disease, but will be a carrier, which means that the s gene may be transmitted to the person’s offspring. If two carriers have a child, the probability is 0.25 that the child will have the disease and 0.5 that the child will be a carrier. Outcomes among children are independent. a) A mother and father who are both carriers have two children. What is the probability that neither child has the disease? b) What is the probability that both children are carriers? c) If neither child has the disease, what is the probability that both are carriers? d) A woman who is the child of two…
There are X-Mart and Y-Mart convenience stores. It is assumed that each customer purchases once a week at one of the two supermarkets (but not both). In a study, a sample of 100 buyers was taken for 10 weeks. From this research it is known that if buyers go to X-mart store one week, 85 people will still buy at X-mart store the following week and if buyers go to Y-mart store one week, 70 people will still buy at Y-mart store. mart the following week.
1. Make a table and matrix of transition probabilities.
2. If John purchases at X-mart in the first week, what is the probability that Bob purchases at X-store in the third and fourth weeks?
In soccer team “M,” there are two playmakers: Player A, and Player B, and two goal scorers: Player X and Player Y. Based on extensive data collection of 100 goals that were scored in the last two seasons by this team: player A created 60 of the goals, while player B created the remaining 40. Among the plays that were created by player A, 38 goals were scored by player X, and the remaining 22 goals were scored by Player Y. Among the plays that were created by Player B, 15 goals were scored by Player X, while the remaining 25 goals were scored by player Y.
In a new match, you heard that Player X scored a goal, what is the probability that this goal was created by Player A?
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