CHEMISTRY:MOLEC NAT PRINT COMPANION
CHEMISTRY:MOLEC NAT PRINT COMPANION
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781264384594
Author: SILBERBERG
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 12, Problem 12.51P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the lower boiling point is to be identified.

LiCl or HCl

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipoledipole forces<hydrogen bonds<iondipole forces

An ionic bond is formed by the interaction of a metal with a non-metal. When a metal element interacts with a non-metal, the metal loses electron/electrons. The electrons lost are gained by the nonmetal. The metal turns into a cation whereas the non-metal turns into an anion. The electrostatic force of attraction between the cation and the anion leads to the formation of an ionic bond between the two. The constituents in an ionic compound are ions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the lower boiling point is to be identified.

NH3 or PH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipoledipole forces<hydrogen bonds<iondipole forces

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the lower boiling point is to be identified.

Xe or I2

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other.

Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipoledipole forces<hydrogen bonds<iondipole forces

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

CHEMISTRY:MOLEC NAT PRINT COMPANION

Ch. 12.6 - For each of the following crystalline solids,...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 12.6BFPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 12.7AFPCh. 12.6 - Iron crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 12.8AFPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 12.8BFPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.1PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.2PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.3PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.4PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.5PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.6PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.7PCh. 12 - Name the phase change in each of these events: (a)...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.9PCh. 12 - Many heat-sensitive and oxygen-sensitive solids,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.11PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.12PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.13PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.14PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.15PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.16PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.17PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.18PCh. 12 - From the data below, calculate the total heat (in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.20PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.21PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.22PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.23PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.24PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.25PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.26PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.27PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.28PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.29PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.30PCh. 12 - Use Figure 12.10 to answer the following: Carbon...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.32PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.33PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.34PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.35PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.36PCh. 12 - Distinguish between polarizability and polarity....Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.38PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.39PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.40PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.41PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.42PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.43PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.44PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.45PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.46PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.47PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.48PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.49PCh. 12 - Which liquid in each pair has the lower vapor...Ch. 12 - Which substance has the lower boiling point?...Ch. 12 - Which substance has the higher boiling point?...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.53PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.54PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.55PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.56PCh. 12 - Why does the antifreeze ingredient ethylene glycol...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.58PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.59PCh. 12 - Why does an aqueous solution of ethanol (CH3CH2OH)...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.61PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.62PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.63PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.64PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.65PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.66PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.67PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.68PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.69PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.70PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.71PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.72PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.73PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.74PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.75PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.76PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.77PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.78PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.79PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.80PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.81PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.82PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.83PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.84PCh. 12 - Besides the type of unit cell, what information is...Ch. 12 - What type of unit cell does each metal use in its...Ch. 12 - What is the number of atoms per unit cell for each...Ch. 12 - Calcium crystallizes in a cubic closest packed...Ch. 12 - Chromium adopts the body-centered cubic unit cell...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.90PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.91PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.92PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.93PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.94PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.95PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.96PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.97PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.98PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.99PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.100PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.101PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.102PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.103PCh. 12 - Polonium, the Period 6 member of Group 6A(16), is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.105PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.106PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.107PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.108PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.109PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.110PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.111PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.112PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.113PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.114PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.115PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.116PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.117PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.118PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.119PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.120PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.121PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.122PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.123PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.124PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.125PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.126PCh. 12 - Bismuth is used to calibrate instruments employed...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.128PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.129PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.130PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.131PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.132PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.133PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.134PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.135PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.136PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.137PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.138PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.139PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.140PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.141PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.142PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.143PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.144PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.145PCh. 12 - The crystal structure of sodium is based on the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.147PCh. 12 - One way of purifying gaseous H2 is to pass it...
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