Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 17CYR
Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. The dopaminergic neurons of the substantianigra enhance the actions of the caudate nucleus and putamen.
b. The cerebellum monitors the initiation of movement but does not monitor ongoing movements.
c. The basal nuclei inhibit inappropriate movements and are required for the initiation of movement.
d. The correction of motor error by the cerebellum can occur over the long term by motor learning.
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How do brainstem upper motor neurons regulate movement?
a. This system utilizes a central pattern generator to regulate repetitive and rhythmic movements.
b. This system is activated when you need to modify your movement depending on environmental conditions, such as adjusting to the weight and speed of an object.
c. This system permits rapid motor reactions to unexpected changes in the environment.
d. This system is activated when you perform a skilled movement, such as completing an expert golf swing or performing a gymnastics routine.
e. This system permits movement initiation from a stationary position, such as standing up from a sitting position
Coordination and timing of movements and balance are functions of which of the following brain structures?
a- basal ganglia
b- motor cortex
c- midbrain motor centers
d- cerebellum
Place the following steps in order for motor control.1. Upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons.2. Sensory information is relayed back to the cerebellum so movement can be modified if needed.3. Upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex select a motor program.4. Lower motor neurons stimulate a skeletal muscle to contract.5. The basal nuclei enable the thalamus to stimulate upper motor neurons of the primary cortex."
a. 5, 3, 1, 4, 2 b. 3, 5, 1, 4, 2 c. 3, 5, 1, 2, 4 d. 2, 5, 3, 1, 4"
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - What types of functions are performed by the CNS?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.1 - 4. What is the neural tube?
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 5QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.2 - Which component of the diencephalon performs each...Ch. 12.2 - Describe the basic anatomical arrangement of the...Ch. 12.2 - What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 7QCCh. 12.2 - What are the general functions of the reticular...Ch. 12.3 - Which two body systems coordinate the maintenance...Ch. 12.3 - Which branch of the PNS controls most of the bodys...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 5QCCh. 12.3 - What type of rhythm does human sleep follow?...Ch. 12.3 - 7. What is an electroencephalogram? What is the...Ch. 12.4 - 1. What is cognition? Which part of the brain is...Ch. 12.4 - What is cerebral lateralization? Which functions...Ch. 12.4 - 3. Define language in the context of neurology....Ch. 12.4 - Explain the differences between declarative memory...Ch. 12.4 - 5. How do immediate, short-term, and long-term...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.5 - 1. What are the three meninges, from superficial...Ch. 12.5 - 2. What are the three spaces (potential and...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.5 - 5. What two factors create the blood brain...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12.6 - List and describe the three spinal meninges.Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12.6 - What is the cauda equina?Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 7QCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 8QCCh. 12.7 - 1. Where are the posterior columns and their two...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12.7 - How are touch and pain processed by the cerebral...Ch. 12.7 - 4. How is the processing of olfactory stimuli...Ch. 12.8 - What is the main difference between the...Ch. 12.8 - Where do the fibers of the corticospinal tracts...Ch. 12.8 - Where do upper motor neurons reside, and what are...Ch. 12.8 - What are the two parts of the basal nuclei...Ch. 12.8 - What is the overall function of the cerebellum?Ch. 12.8 - Trace the overall voluntary movement pathway from...Ch. 12 - The central nervous system is responsible for: a....Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements about the brain as...Ch. 12 - 3. Which of the following is not one of the basal...Ch. 12 - 4. Which statement about cerebral white matter is...Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements about the cerebral...Ch. 12 - The central sulcus separates the: a. parietal and...Ch. 12 - 7. Match the term on the left with its correct...Ch. 12 - Which statement about the cranial meninges is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CYRCh. 12 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 12 - Mark the following statements about the spinal...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: The tracts of the posterior...Ch. 12 - Which parts of the body have the greatest amount...Ch. 12 - Which of the following statements is false? a. The...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: The cell bodies of upper motor...Ch. 12 - Label the following components of the...Ch. 12 - Mark the following statements on the role of the...Ch. 12 - Which of the following somatic sensations is not...Ch. 12 - 19. Fill in the blanks: The two components of the...Ch. 12 - 20. Which of the following statements is false?
a....Ch. 12 - 21. Match the term on the left with its correct...Ch. 12 - 22. The part of the brain responsible for the...Ch. 12 - Fill in the blanks: Declarative memories are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 24CYRCh. 12 - Huntingtons disease is characterized by a loss of...Ch. 12 - How could you tell the difference between an...Ch. 12 - Why do injuries to the hippocampus interfere with...Ch. 12 - Ms. Norris is brought to the emergency department...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 12 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 12 - A new diet wonder drug is designed to block the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5AYKB
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- The thoracic spinal cord has the smallest dorsal horn area because: a. the trunk is the most innervated area of the body and therefore there are more projections into the dorsal horn there. b. the trunk is the least innervated area of the body and therefore there are fewer projections into the dorsal horn there. c. most of the descending upper motor neurons have already entered the ventral horn. d. There are many motor neurons to control the small muscles around the spine.arrow_forwardThe subdivision of the brain that does not initiate somatic motor movements, but rather coordinates and fine-tunes those movements, is the a. medulla oblongata. b. cerebrum. c. cerebellum. d. diencephalon.arrow_forwardEmergency room doctors often shine a light into the eyes of patients with head injuries to test their pupillary reflex. The structure that relays the information between the optic nerve and the motor neuron, and the division of the nervous system that the structure is part of , respectively are: Select one: a. an interneuron and the peripheral nervous system b. the occipital lobe and the peripheral nervous system c. the occipital lobe and the central nervous system d. an interneuron and the central nervous systemarrow_forward
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