Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 18PDQ
It has been shown that infectious agents such as viruses often exert a dramatic effect on their host cell’s genome architecture. In many cases, viruses induce methylation of host DNA sequences in order to enhance their infectivity. What specific host gene functions would you consider as strong candidates for such methylation by infecting viruses?
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Below is a portion of an exon from a gene that encodes protein X in the genome of the plant Arabidopsis.
Wildtype DNA3’ TTC AAT GCT CCG AAT ACC 5’ template strand5’ AAG TTA CGA GGC TTA TGG 3’ non-template strand
A new strain (Strain B) of Arabidopsis is identified with the same region of the gene coding for protein X:
3’ TTC AAT GCT CCC AAT ACC 5’ template strand5’ AAG TTA CGA GGG TTA TGG 3’ non-template strand
Compare the two DNA sequences and look for any differences. Based on what you find
a.
There is no mutation in Strain B compared to Strain A.
b.
After the point of the mutation, all the amino acids encoded by the Strain B template will be different than the Strain A protein X.
c.
Protein X made from the Strain B template will be much shorter than protein X made from the Strain A template
d.
Protein X from Strain B will have one amino acid difference that would not affect protein function.
e.
There is a mutation but there will not be any difference in the…
What is the difference between a recombinant protein and a native protein? Why is it that some amount of expressions of recombinant protein are toxic compared to the same amounts of native proteins?
Below is a portion of an exon from a gene that encodes protein Y in the genome of the plant Brassica.
Wildtype DNA3’ CTT AAT GCT CCG AAT CCA 5’ template strand5’ GAA TTA CGA GGC TTA GGT 3’ non-template strand
A new strain (Strain X) of Brassica is identified with the same region of the gene coding for protein Y:3’ CTT AAT GCT GCG AAT CCA 5’ template strand5’ GAA TTA CGA CGC TTA GGT 3’ non-template strand
Compare the sequence of Wildtype with Strain X DNA, and note the following:
Whether there is a mutation.
If there is a mutation, what is the type of mutation (be as specific as possible) and explain the rationale for your decision.
Assuming this is the only difference between the Wildtype and Strain X, describe the potential impact of the mutation on the structure and function of the protein.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 12 - In bacteriophages and bacteria, the DNA is almost...Ch. 12 - After salivary gland cells from Drosophila are...Ch. 12 - If a human nucleus is 10 m in diameter, and it...Ch. 12 - Roberts syndrome is a rare inherited disorder...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CSCh. 12 - Roberts syndrome is a rare inherited disorder...Ch. 12 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 12 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 12 - Contrast the size of the single chromosome in...Ch. 12 - Describe the structure of giant polytene...
Ch. 12 - What genetic process is occurring in a puff of a...Ch. 12 - During what genetic process are lampbrush...Ch. 12 - Why might we predict that the organization of...Ch. 12 - Describe the sequence of research findings that...Ch. 12 - Describe the molecular composition and arrangement...Ch. 12 - Describe the transitions that occur as nucleosomes...Ch. 12 - Provide a comprehensive definition of...Ch. 12 - Mammals contain a diploid genome consisting of at...Ch. 12 - Assume that a viral DNA molecule is a 50-m-long...Ch. 12 - How many base pairs are in a molecule of phage T2...Ch. 12 - Examples of histone modifications are acetylation...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of SINE and LINE DNA...Ch. 12 - Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are...Ch. 12 - It has been shown that infectious agents such as...Ch. 12 - Cancer can be defined as an abnormal proliferation...Ch. 12 - In a study of Drosophila, two normally active...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21ESPCh. 12 - An article entitled Nucleosome Positioning at the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23ESPCh. 12 - Following is a diagram of the general structure of...Ch. 12 - Microsatellites are currently exploited as markers...Ch. 12 - At the end of the short arm of human chromosome 16...
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- Researchers have been determining the nucleotide sequences of variant forms of SARS-CoV-2, looking for versions of the virus that might be more easily transmitted between humans or that might be more deadly. (a) For example, one mutation in a viral gene changed a GAU codon to a GGU codon. How does this change affect the sequence of the polypeptide encoded by that gene? (b) In another variant form of the virus, a gene is missing six consecutive nucleotides. How would this change affect the sequence of the polypeptide encoded by that gene? (c) In another coronavirus variant, the spike protein (the prominent protein on the surface of the virus) contains a histidine residue where an aspartate (aspartic acid) residue should be. Describe a point mutation in the coronavirus genome that could have caused this change in the spike protein.arrow_forwardWhat is the mechanism by which these designed nucleases cause a change in the genomic DNA sequence?arrow_forwardWhat is the mechanism by which the Alu sequence has become dispersed to many sites in the genome?arrow_forward
- A person with a rare genetic disease has a sample of her chromosomessubjected to in situ hybridization using a probe that is known to recognize band p11 on chromosome 7. Even though her chromosomes look cytologically normal, the probe does not bind to this person’s chromosomes. How would you explain these results? How would you use this information to positionally clone the gene that is related to this disease?arrow_forwardSuppose you are a research assistant in a lab studying dna-binding proteins. you have been given the amino acid sequences of all the proteins encoded by the genome of a certain species and have been asked to find candidate proteins that could bind dna. what type of amino acids would you expect to see in the dna-binding regions of such proteins?arrow_forwardWhat is a nucleosome-free region? Where are such regions typically found in a genome? How are nucleosome-free regions thought to be functionally important?arrow_forward
- Now that you understand how the CRISPR-Cas9 system works, think back to the experiments discussed in the introduction to this chapter, in which researchers used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to treat mice with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Why did the researchers choose to cut out the entire exon 23 in the mice with the disorder? Why not replace the specific mutation using a donor piece of DNA and homologous recombination? Propose some possible explanations.arrow_forwardAlthough DNA transposons are abundant in the genomes of multicellular eukaryotes, class 1 elements usually make up the largest fraction of very large genomes such as those from humans (~2500 Mb), maize (~2500 Mb), and barley (~5000 Mb). Given what you know about class 1 and class 2 elements, what is it about their distinct mechanisms of transposition that would account for this consistent difference in abundance?arrow_forwardCould a single nucleotide deletion restore the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence? Explain.arrow_forward
- Gene expression can be disrupted by techniques such as homologous recombination and RNA interference. What is the functional difference between these two methods in terms of the ultimate effect on gene expression? Why might homologous recombination or an alternative genome-editing method (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9) be preferred over RNA interference?arrow_forwarda. How do scientists apply the concept of linkage disequilibrium to identify disease alleles? b. Which specific phrase is used when such markers are identified by restriction endonucleases and a particular set of DNA fragments is generated?arrow_forwardSome S. aureus strains can produce an enzyme called beta-lactamase, which breaks down beta-lactam drugs like methicillin. These strains that make beta-lactamase have a gene called mecA. Draw a diagram of the bacterial DNA encoding this gene, including the following terms: promoter, terminator, coding region.arrow_forward
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What Is A Virus ? ; Author: Peekaboo Kidz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS7vsBgWszI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY