Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 3NST
If a human nucleus is 10 μm in diameter, and it must hold as much as 2 m of DNA, which is complexed into nucleosomes that during full extension are 11 nm in diameter, what percentage of the volume of the nucleus is occupied by the genetic material?
HINT: This problem asks you to make some numerical calculations in order to see just how “filled” the eukaryotic nucleus is with a diploid amount of DNA. The key to its solution is the use of the formula V = (4/3)πr3, which calculates the volume of a sphere.
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A diploid human cell contains approximately 6.4 billion base pairs of DNA.
Assuming that the linker DNA encompasses 35 bp, how many nucleosomes are present in such a cell? Use two significant figures. How many histone proteins are complexed with this DNA? use two significant figures.
If the DNA of one human cell is stretched out, it would be almost 6 feet long and contain over three billion base pairs. How does all this fit into the nucleus of one cell?
A typical eukaryotic chromosome found in humans has about 100 million bp of DNA. As noted in Chapter 11, 1 DNA base pair has a linear length of 0.34 nm.A. What is the linear length of the DNA in a typical human chromosomein micrometers?B. What is the linear length of a 30-nm fiber of a typical humanchromosome?C. Based on your calculation in part B, would a typical human chromosome fit inside the nucleus (with a diameter of 5 μm) if the 30-nm fiber were stretched out in a linear manner? If not, explain how a typical human chromosome fits inside the nucleus during interphase.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 12 - In bacteriophages and bacteria, the DNA is almost...Ch. 12 - After salivary gland cells from Drosophila are...Ch. 12 - If a human nucleus is 10 m in diameter, and it...Ch. 12 - Roberts syndrome is a rare inherited disorder...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CSCh. 12 - Roberts syndrome is a rare inherited disorder...Ch. 12 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 12 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 12 - Contrast the size of the single chromosome in...Ch. 12 - Describe the structure of giant polytene...
Ch. 12 - What genetic process is occurring in a puff of a...Ch. 12 - During what genetic process are lampbrush...Ch. 12 - Why might we predict that the organization of...Ch. 12 - Describe the sequence of research findings that...Ch. 12 - Describe the molecular composition and arrangement...Ch. 12 - Describe the transitions that occur as nucleosomes...Ch. 12 - Provide a comprehensive definition of...Ch. 12 - Mammals contain a diploid genome consisting of at...Ch. 12 - Assume that a viral DNA molecule is a 50-m-long...Ch. 12 - How many base pairs are in a molecule of phage T2...Ch. 12 - Examples of histone modifications are acetylation...Ch. 12 - Contrast the structure of SINE and LINE DNA...Ch. 12 - Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are...Ch. 12 - It has been shown that infectious agents such as...Ch. 12 - Cancer can be defined as an abnormal proliferation...Ch. 12 - In a study of Drosophila, two normally active...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21ESPCh. 12 - An article entitled Nucleosome Positioning at the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23ESPCh. 12 - Following is a diagram of the general structure of...Ch. 12 - Microsatellites are currently exploited as markers...Ch. 12 - At the end of the short arm of human chromosome 16...
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- The analysis of individual nucleosomes reveals that each unit contained one copy of each protein and that the short linker DNA contained no protein bound to it. If the entire chromosome consists of nucleosomes (discounting any linker DNA), how many are there, and how many total proteins are needed to form them?arrow_forwardA typical eukaryotic chromosome found in humans contains about100 million bp. one DNA base pair has alinear length of 0.34 nm.A. What is the linear length of the DNA in a typical human chromosome in micrometers?B. What is the linear length of a 30-nm fiber of a typical humanchromosome?C. Based on your calculation in part B, would a typical humanchromosome fit inside the nucleus (with a diameter of 5 µm) ifthe 30-nm fiber was stretched out in a linear manner? If not,explain how a typical human chromosome fits inside thenucleus during interphase.arrow_forwardGive only typing answer with explanation and conclusion Your analysis has identified that this new organism has same chromosomal structure as that of eukaryotes on earth. However, the average length of linker DNA of the new organism is 100 bp. If the haploid genome of the new organism has a size 6 billion bp, how many nucleosomes will be in this new organism?arrow_forward
- In not more than 200 words, explain how the human genome of 3.4 Gb would be in 2.3 meters long when stretched linearly if this size is fit into a cell of minuscule proportions.arrow_forwardA previously undiscovered single-cell organism was found living at a great depth on the ocean floor. Its nucleus contained only a single linear chromosome with 7 x 106 nucleotide pairs of DNA coalesced with three types of histone-like proteins. Consider the following questions: Question: The analysis of individual nucleosomes reveals that each unit contained one copy of each protein and that the shortlinker DNA contained no protein bound to it. If the entirechromosome consists of nucleosomes (discounting any linkerDNA), how many are there, and how many total proteins areneeded to form them?arrow_forwardLet’s suppose you have isolated chromatin from some bizarre eukaryote that has a DNA linker region that is usually 300 to 350 bp in length. The nucleosome structure is the same as in other eukaryotes. If you digested this eukaryotic organism’s chromatin with a high concentration of DNase I, what would be your expected results?arrow_forward
- The average human chromosome contains about 1 x 108 bp of DNA. (a) If each base pair has a mass of about 660 daltons and there are about 2 g of protein (histones plus nonhistones) per gram of DNA, how much does such a chromosome weigh (in grams)? (b) If the DNA were extended, how long would it be? (c) An actual chromosome is about 5 mm long. What is the approximate compaction ratio? (d) You have about 4x 1012 cells in your body. If you have 46 chromosomes in each cell, what is the approximate extended length of all of your DNA? For comparison, the distance from the earth to the sun is about 1.5x108 km.arrow_forwardA major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the presence of a nucleus. What advantages and disadvantages may occur with having a cell’s genome packaged in a nucleus?arrow_forwardDiscuss the levels of chromosomal organization with reference to the following terms: a. nucleotide b. DNA double helix c. histones d. nucleosomes e. chromatinarrow_forward
- An article entitled “Nucleosome Positioning at the Replication Fork” states: “both the ‘old’ randomly segregated nucleosomes as well as the ‘new’ assembled histone octamers rapidly position themselves (within seconds) on the newly replicated DNA strands” [Lucchini et al. (2002)]. Given this statement, how would one compare the distribution of nucleosomes and DNA in newly replicated chromatin? How could one experimentally test the distribution of nucleosomes on newly replicated chromosomes?arrow_forwardThe average human chromosome contains about 1 x 108 bp of DNA.(a) If each base pair has a mass of about 660 daltons and there are about 2 g of protein (histones plus nonhistones) per gram of DNA, how much doessuch a chromosome weigh (in grams)?(b) If the DNA were extended, how long would it be?(c) An actual chromosome is about 5 mm long. What is the approximatecompaction ratio?(d) You have about 4 x 1012 cells in your body. If you have 46 chromosomes in each cell, what is the approximate extended length of all of your DNA? For comparison, the distance from the earth to the sun isabout 1.5 x 108 km.arrow_forwardOne of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic genetic material? 1. Eukaryotic genetic material is compacted by wrapping the double-helix around histone proteins to form nucleosomes. 2. Eukaryotic genetic material consists of supercoiled circular DNA molecules complexed with proteins into chromosomes. 3. Eukaryotic genetic material consists of relaxed linear DNA molecules complexed with RNA into a 30 nm fiber. 4. Eukaryotic genetic material is compacted by folding linker regions around non-histone proteins to form a scaffold.arrow_forward
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