To review:
The given blank space in the statement, “synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) from the instructions in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is called __________________. Synthesis of a protein from the instructions in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is called __________________.”
Introduction:
The central dogma takes place in each and every cell of the body. It was described by Watson and Crick. There are three processes that take place in the cell. These are replication, transcription, and translation.
Explanation of Solution
The DNA in a cell is being replicated continuously when the new cells are made. The formation of the new DNA strands from the previously existing DNA is called replication. For the formation of the proteins, the DNA has to be converted to RNA so that it can be taken to ribosomes. The conversion of DNA to RNA is called transcription. It takes place from 5’ to 3’ direction and thus the DNA strand having 3–5’ direction acts as a template for the formation of messenger RNA.
The messenger pre-RNA is modified by process called splicing and converted to a form that only contains exons. Exons are those parts of the messenger RNA that code for the proteins. The conversion of messenger RNA to the proteins takes place with the help of transfer RNA and the process is defined as translation.
Synthesis of RNA from the instructions in DNA is called transcription. Synthesis of a protein from the instructions in mRNA is called translation.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK BIOLOGY
- Describe the process of protein synthesis and localize where each step takes place. Make sure to describe and use the following terms: Translation: mRNA to proteins (cytoplasm) mRNA w/codon, ribosomes, tRNA w/anticodon and amino acid, protein with 3D structurearrow_forwardA simplified model of protein synthesis is shown here. How might this model be revised to show a more accurate depiction of protein synthesis? DNA Process 1 m MRNA Process 2arrow_forwardTrace the path of a protein synthesized on a ribosome attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) as the protein travels to the exterior of the cell. Name all the subcellular structures that the protein passes through. In answering this question, assume that the protein is already produced/synthesized (i.e. don't describe translation).arrow_forward
- Glycophorins are a type of membrane protein found on red blood cells. They allow red blood cells to circulate through the blood vessels without sticking to the walls of the blood vessels or to other cells. Describe how a glycophorin protein would be synthesized by the cell. Include What parts of the cell are involved and what happens at each location. The process of protein synthesis (i.e. transcription, translation, etc).arrow_forwardBelow are the general steps of protein synthesis. What is the correct sequence of protein synthesis? 1-ribosome bonds amino acids together; 2-mRNA leaves the nucleus; 3- tRNA molecules pick up amino acids; 4-DNA double helix unwinds; 5-tRNA anticodon links with mRNA codon; 6-polypeptide chain completed; 7-mRNA binds to ribosome; 8-mRNA transcibedarrow_forwardDuring protein synthesis, which of the following are involved in the steps that take place in the nucleus and the steps that take place in the cytoplasm? acetyl transferase RNA polymerase FRNA ribosome MRNA TRNA DNA amino acidsarrow_forward
- In protein synthesis, DNA transcription records the genetic message, while ribosomal ______________ interprets the message. ________________ carries the genetic code to the ribosomes to facilitate protein/amino acid synthesis. The genetic message to make a specific amino acid in a protein, is carried by a specific three nucleotide unit on the messenger RNA called a During transcription, the nitrogen base adenine on the DNA bonds with the nitrogen base ______________ on the messenger RNA. The enzyme __________________ unwinds the DNA double helix in DNA transcription.arrow_forwardexplain what happens in transcription? explain what happens in translation? Explain how they relate to each other ( organelles) and to their role in the cell. (what are they necessary to produce in the body)?arrow_forwardExplain the process of mRNA to DNA translation.arrow_forward
- A piece of DNA reads ATGTTATAACCC. If this sequence is transcribed what will be the resulting mRNA sequence be?arrow_forwardMatch the following with the correct process. converts DNA into mRNA Occurs in the ribosome 1. transcription involves tRNA 2. translation converts mRNA into an amino acid sequence occurs in the nucleusarrow_forwardWhich sequence regarding protein synthesis is correct?a. translation → transcription → mRNA synthesisb. transcription → splicing of primary RNA transcript → translocation of mRNA → translationc. splicing of introns → transcription → mRNA synthesis translationd. transcription → translation → mRNA productione. tRNA enters nucleus → transcription begins → mRNA moves to cytoplasm → protein synthesis beginsarrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning