One possible explanation for why some birds migrate and others maintain year round residency in a single location is intelligence. Specifically, birds with small brains, relative to their body size, are simply not smart enough to find food during the winter and must migrate to warmer climates where food is easily available (Sol. Lefebvre, & Rodriguez-Teijeiro, 2005). Birds with bigger brains, on the other hand, are more creative and can find food even when the weather turns harsh. Following are hypothetical data similar to the actual research results. The numbers represent relative brain size for the individual birds in each sample.
a. Use an ANOVA with
b. Compute
c. Write a sentence demonstrating how a research report would present the results of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size.
d. Use the Tukey HSD posttest to determine which groups are significantly different.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
- Knowing that people have a tendency to engage in social loafing when they think there are other people around to take some of the burden, researchers think that knowing they are “alone” versus “together” will impact the way a participant performs during a tug-of-war task. In the “alone” condition, participants are blindfolded and asked to pull as hard as they can on a rope against another participant on the other end. In the “together” condition, participants are once again blindfolded and told to pull as hard as they can. However, they are led to believe that there are three people on each end of the rope (they have two team additional team members to help them). The researchers find that those in the “alone” condition pull much harder (as measured by a weight sensor that measures pounds per square inch on a scale from 0 to 500 pounds) than those in the “together” condition. Which of the following is the null hypothesis? Those alone will not differ in their pulling strength compared…arrow_forwardKnowing that people have a tendency to engage in social loafing when they think there are other people around to take some of the burden, researchers think that knowing they are “alone” versus “together” will impact the way a participant performs during a tug-of-war task. In the “alone” condition, participants are blindfolded and asked to pull as hard as they can on a rope against another participant on the other end. In the “together” condition, participants are once again blindfolded and told to pull as hard as they can. However, they are led to believe that there are three people on each end of the rope (they have two team additional team members to help them). The researchers find that those in the “alone” condition pull much harder (as measured by a weight sensor that measures pounds per square inch on a scale from 0 to 500 pounds) than those in the “together” condition. Which of the following is the alternative hypothesis? Those alone will not differ in their pulling strength…arrow_forward3.4 The system is tested on a sample of one hundred computers and the average connection speed is found to be far below 400 kilobits. What hypothesis should probably be rejected? Explain. If the customer needs a connection speed of 400 kilobits to run her application programs, what is the business decision that corresponds to the decision regarding the hypotheses?arrow_forward
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- Consider the hypothetical case that there were only two brands of juice on the market, company A and company B. 52% of the population drinks juice from company A (it is not known whether these people consume only juice A or if they also consume juice B). 51% of the population drinks juice of company B (again, it is not known how many of these people drink only juice B or if they drink both juice). However, it is known that 21% of the population does not drink juice. Based on these data, we can estimate that the percentage of the population that drinks juice from both companies is: (choose only one): a) 36% b)37% c) 24% d)23% e)5.3%arrow_forwardConsider the hypothetical case that there were only two brands of juice on the market, company A and company B. 52% of the population drinks juice from company A (it is not known whether these people consume only juice A or if they also consume juice B). 51% of the population drinks juice of company B (again, it is not known how many of these people drink only juice B or if they drink both juice). However, it is known that 21% of the population does not drink juice. Based on these data, we can estimate that the percentage of the population that drinks juice from both companies is: (choose only one) a) 56% b) 40% c) 22% d) 23% e) 34%arrow_forwardA hypothetical study looks at the effect of drinking alcohol on health. Across all genders and age groups, people who do not drink tend to be healthier on average than people who do drink. However, people who drink regularly are on average healthier than those people who have recently stopped drinking. Is it reasonable to conclude that for the sake of health, we should not start drinking, but if we have already started drinking alcohol, it is healthier to continue and not to stop?arrow_forward
- In the book Business Research Methods (5th ed.), Donald R. Cooper and C. William Emory discuss studying the relationship between on-the-job accidents and smoking. Cooper and Emory describe the study as follows: Suppose a manager implementing a smoke-free workplace policy is interested in whether smoking affects worker accidents. Since the company has complete reports of on-the-job accidents, she draws a sample of names of workers who were involved in accidents during the last year. A similar sample from among workers who had no reported accidents in the last year is drawn. She interviews members of both groups to determine if they are smokers or not. The sample results are given in the following table. On-the-Job Accident Smoker Yes No Row Total Heavy 12 5 17 Moderate 9 10 19 Nonsmoker 13 17 30 Column total 34 32 66 Expected counts are below observed counts Accident No Accident Total Heavy 12 5 17 8.76 8.24…arrow_forwardEconomists, Angrist and Lavy (1999) exploited an 800 year-old rule regarding classroom size to estimate the causal effect of smaller classes on student achievement. The rule, made famous by 12th century scholar Maimonides, states that one teacher is sufficient to manage a class with up to 40 students. Classes with more than 40 students will require 2 teachers. Angrist and Lavy noticed that strict application of this rule in certain areas meant that if 80 students were enrolled in a school, then the school would divide them up into two groups of 40 students per teacher. If 81 students were enrolled, however, they would be placed in three classes of 27 students each. The rule thus generated sharp discontinuities in class sizes within schools, which, the authors argue, allow them to provide causal evidence of a boost in fifth grade math and reading scores as a result of smaller class size. a. What research design is implied by the authors’ use of Maimonides’ rule to estimate the causal…arrow_forwardIndependent studies show that 26 out of 40 r/s full-time students favor a shorter semester system, while 38 out of 50 r/s part-time students favor the same. Construct a 98% c.i. for the difference between the overall percentage of full-time students favoring a shorter semester system and that of part-time students.arrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill