Loose-leaf Version for What Is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E & LaunchPad for What is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E (Twelve Month Access)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781319154639
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W.H. Freeman & Co
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Chapter 12, Problem 2MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
It would have been necessary for the first genetic material to carry information needed for replication, and simultaneously, be the machinery that carries out the process of replication.
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Which result from the Miller and Urey experiment provides evidence that the molecules of life could have spontaneously been produced in the ancient Earth environment?
a
After their experiment, they produced DNA from amino acids.
b
They showed how DNA can be produced from simple molecules that included water, oxygen, carbohydrates, and lipids.
c
Their experiment produced amino acids—the building blocks of life—from chemicals that existed in the environment of ancient Earth.
d
Miller and Urey's experiment provided evidence that showed that although oxygen was lacking in the environment of ancient Earth, it could be readily made from the decomposition of rocks and minerals.
Which statement below about DNA is false? A. DNA is present in an essential for all living cells. B.  DNA is located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. C. DNA  is always perfectly copied during DNA replication. D.  DNA can exist as a linear or circular molecule.
What did the Miller-Urey experiment demonstrate? A. Life originated in outer space and was brought to Earth on a meteor. B. Complex molecules can be formed from water, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen gas in a reducing atmosphere. C. Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells following an endosymbiotic event. D. RNA was the genetic storage merial before DNA.
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Loose-leaf Version for What Is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E & LaunchPad for What is Life? A Guide to Biology 4E (Twelve Month Access)
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- Levene made which contribution to our understanding of DNA structure? a. He determined that the nucleus contains DNA. b. He determined that DNA contains four nitrogenous bases c. He determined that DNA consists of nucleotides. d. He determined that the nitrogenous bases of DNA are present in regular ratiosarrow_forwardWhat is the genetic information in DNA due to? A. composition of DNA in a gene B. specificity of base pairing C. sequence of nucleotides D. sugar-phosphate backbone E. precise three-dimensional conformation of DNAarrow_forwardExplain why scientists preferred proteins as the source of genetic material over DNA. A. DNA seemed too simple of a molecule compared to proteins B. Proteins are made up of combinations of 20 different amino acids compared to DNA's 4 bases. The larger number seemed more likely to account for all the variety and diversity in organisms. C. Scientists knew more about proteins than they did DNA. D. All of the answers are correct explanations.arrow_forward
- While how the first cells formed is still unknown, scientists suspect that the first active biological macromolecule wasa. protein.b. DNA.c. RNA.d. carbohydrates.arrow_forwardThe first forms of life on Earth were a. plants b. microorganisms c. birds d. dinosaursarrow_forwardThe nucleotide sequence in a single strand of DNA represents which level of structure? a. quaternary b. tertiary c. primary d. secondaryarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the last step in the Oparin-Haldane Model for the beginning of life? a. Membranes form around the first cells b. Simple molecules assembled into building blocks c. Polymers assembled from simple building blocks d. Asteroids and meteors provide building blocks for life on eartharrow_forwardSince 1735, the Linnaean classification system has been the basic system for all taxonomy in biology. Which statement best explains the reason for changing how organisms are classified today? A. Organisms are evolving at a faster rate than in the past B. More diverse and complex organisms are being discovered C.  There are more organisms today than there were in the past D. New information about the genetics of species is being discoveredarrow_forwardThe Miller experiment did not create life, nor did the gases used resemble Earth’s first atmosphere as we presently understand it. The experiment was important because it a. showed that complex organic molecules can form under a variety of circumstances. b. synthesized the carbon atom. c. produced a DNA by-product that eventually leads to RNA and other bases. d. produced RNA, which later formed proteins out of the amino acids. e. synthesized the four bases needed for the production of DNA.arrow_forward
- The nucleotides from a bacterial cell were found to have the following abundances: 39% uracil; 41% adenine, 9% cytosine; 8% guanine. What type of molecule is the genome of the bacteria likely made of? a. Double stranded DNA b. Single stranded DNA c. Messenger RNA d. Double stranded RNAarrow_forwardWhich choice correctly shows the relative amounts of non-coding DNA? A. A human has a greater relative amount of non-coding DNA than an elephant. B. An elephant has a greater relative amount of non-coding DNA than a fruit fly. C. A fruit fly has a greater relative amount of non-coding DNA than a bacterium. D. A bacterium has a greater relative amount of non-coding DNA than an archaean,arrow_forwardwhat simple organic molecules were likely the precursors of life? a. water and proteins b. amino acids and nucleotides c. oxygen and carbon d. prokaryotes and eukaryotesarrow_forward
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