The reaction of CO with CI2 gives phosgene (COCI2), a nerve gas that was used in World War I. Use the mechanism shown here to complete the following exercises:
(a) Write the overall reaction.
(b) Identify all intermediates.
(c) Write the rate law for each elementary reaction.
(d) Write the overall rate law expression.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
College Physics
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)
Introductory Chemistry (5th Edition) (Standalone Book)
Chemistry: The Central Science (14th Edition)
- A mixture initially consisting of 2 mol CO and 2 mol H2 comes to equilibrium with methanol, CH3OH, as the product: CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g) At equilibrium, the mixture will contain which of the following? a less than 1 mol CH3OH b 1 mol CH3OH c more than 1 mol CH3OH but less than 2 mol d 2 mol CH3OH e more than 2 mol CH3OHarrow_forwardWhat is the order with respect to each reactant for the following reactions? a) r = k [A]squared [B] b) r = k c) r = k [A] squaredarrow_forwardConsider the following elementary reaction: ICl(g)+H2(g)->HI(g)+HCl(g) Suppose we let k1 stand for the rate constant of this reaction, and k−1 stand for the rate constant of the reverse reaction. Write an expression that gives the equilibrium concentration of ICl in terms of k1, k−1, and the equilibrium concentrations of H2, HI, and HCl.arrow_forward
- Nitrogen dioxide reacts with carbon monoxide to produce nitrogen monoxide and carbon dioxide.NO2(g) + CO(g) → NO(g) + CO2(g)A proposed mechanism for this reaction is:Step one: 2 NO2(g) ---> NO3(g) + NO(g) (fast, equilibrium)Step two: NO3(g) + CO(g) → NO2(g) + CO2(g) (slow)What is the rate law that is consistent with the mechanism?arrow_forwardEach step represents an elementary reaction. Step1. A + 2B ↔ C (fast equilibrium, k1 and k-1) Step2. C + D → E (slow, k2) d. Use the Pre-Equilibrium Approximation to obtain the rate law. e. Use the Steady-Sate Approximation to obtain the rate law.arrow_forwardHI dissociates to form I2 and H2: 2HI (g) → H2 (g) + I2 (g) If the concentration of HI changes at a rate of -0.45 M/s, what is the rate of appearance of I2? Group of answer choices 0.23 M/s 0.45 M/s 0.90 M/s 1.00 M/s -0.45 M/sarrow_forward
- Snapshots of two hypothetical reactions, A(g)+B(g)⇌ AB(g) and X(g) + Y(g)⇌ XY(g) at five differenttimes are shown here. Which reaction has a largerequilibrium constant?arrow_forwardConsider the generic reaction: 2 X(g) + Y(g) → Z(g) which has been shown to follow the rate = k[X]4. How long will it take for ½ of X to be consumed? Determine the symbolic answer, which should only contain [X]0, k, and numbers. Do not give handwriting solution.arrow_forwardGiven the Equation: 2C(g) + 2D(g) = 3E(g) + F(g) + heat ,Predict the direction of the shift in equilibrium, Addition of a catalyst.a. forwardb. backwardc. no changeMost reactions are carried out in liquid solution or in the gaseous phase because in such situationsa. Activation energies are higher.b. It is easier for reactants to come in contact with each other.c. Kinetic energies of reactants are lower.d. Products are less apt to decompose. Whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic is determined bya. the activation energyb. the physical state of the reactantsc. how reactant and product potential energies compared. whether a catalyst is presente. None Which of the following changes is most likely to decrease reaction rate for the chemical reaction 2CO + O2 ---> 2CO2?a. adding twice as much O2 to the reaction mixtureb. tripling the temperature of the reaction mixturec. adding a catalyst to the reaction mixtured. removing some CO from the reaction mixturee. Nonearrow_forward
- The reaction of fumarate with water to form L-malate is catalyzed by the enzyme fumarase; Kc=3.3 at 37 ∘C. When a reaction mixture with [fumarate] =1.55×10−3M and [L-malate] =2.23×10−3M= comes to equilibrium in the presence of fumarase at 37 ∘C, what is the equilibrium concentration of fumarate? (Water can be omitted from the equilibrium equation because its concentration in dilute solutions is essentially the same as that in pure water.) What is the equilibrium concentration of L-malate?arrow_forwardQ.1 What is the relationship between equilibrium constant and rate constant?arrow_forward1. Which of the following does a K = 4.3x10-3 signify?a. The reactants are of significantly lower amounts than the products.b. The reverse rate is higher than the forward rate.c. The formation of reactants is favored when the rates are equal.d. The rate of reaction is small.2. For the reaction: 2A(g) + B(g) ↔ 2 C(g) Kc = 25If the system contains [A] = 0.15 M, [B] = 0.35 M, and [C] = 0.75 M, which of thefollowing is TRUE?a. The forward rate of reaction will be higher than the reverse rate.b. The forward rate of reaction will be lower than the reverse rate.c. The rates of the forward and reverse reactions will be equal.3. Given the reaction: 2A(g) + B(g) ↔ 2 C(g) Kc = 25a. What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction:A(g) + ½ B(g) ↔ C(g) Kc = ??b. What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction:2 C(g) ↔ 2 A(g) + B(g) Kc = ??4. Given the reaction: 3X(g) + Y(g) ↔ 2 Z(g) + W(g)Which of the following is true?a. Kc > Kpb. Kc < Kpc. Kc = Kp5. For the…arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax