Study Guide for Microeconomics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134741123
Author: Robert Pindyck, Daniel Rubinfeld
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 12, Problem 7RQ
To determine
The Nash equilibrium and the stability of the Nash equilibrium.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Explain the meaning of Nash equilibrium when firms are competing with respect to price. Why is the equilibrium stable? Why don’t hey raise prices to maximize joint profits?
Which statement best describes a Nash equilibrium applies to price competition?
1. Two firms cooperate and set the price that maximizes joint profits.
2. Each firm automatically moves to the purely competitive equilibrium because it knows the other firm will eventually move to that price away.
3 given the prices chosen by its competitors, no firm has an incentive to change their prices from the equilibrium level.
4. One dominant firm sets the price, and the other firms take that’s price as if it were given by the market.
5. None of the above.
Nash equilibrium can be defined as the competitive outcome where _____A. all firms set prices equal to average cost and all firms make economic profit.B. each firm sets a price equal to marginal cost and each firm makeseconomic profit.C. each firm sets a price higher than marginal cost and each firm makeseconomic profit.D. each firm sets a price lower than marginal cost and each firm makeseconomic profit.E. firms set a price lower than average cost and all firms make economic profit.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Study Guide for Microeconomics
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- This is a Microeconomics problem. Two firms A and B operating in the same market must choose between a collude price and a cheat price. Answer the following questions in order. (a) Does Firm A have a dominant strategy? Explain your answer. (b) Does Firm B have a dominant strategy? Explain your answer. (c) Is there an equilibrium solution to the above game? (d) Is this equilibrium solution to the game the most "ideal" outcome for the players? Explain clearly why or why not.arrow_forwardConsider a market organized along a 1 mile stretch of road (from D=0 to D=1). Consumers along the stretch of road are uniformly distributed. There are two firms, with Firm 1 located at mile marker .5 and Firm 2 located at mile marker 1.0 and they compete on prices. Customers choose which store to shop at according to P + cD, where c=2 and D is the distance to the store. What is the Nash Equilibrium?arrow_forwardConsider two firms that produce the same good and compete setting quantities. The firms face a linear demand curve given by P (Q) = 1 − Q, where the Q is the total quantity offered by the firms. The cost function for each of the firms is c(qi) = cqi, where 0 < c < 1 and qi is the quantity offered by the firm i = 1,2. Find the Nash equilibrium output choices of the firms, as well as the total output and the price, and calculate the output and the welfare loss compared to the competitive outcome. How would the answer change if the firms compete setting prices? What can we conclude about the relationship between competition and the number of firms?arrow_forward
- Imagine a small town with three car repair shops competing for a limited number of customers. Explain why the three shops working together to keep their prices high is unlikely to be a Nash equilibrium.arrow_forwardAssume the market for a product can be described as a Cournot duopoly with two identical firms. The Nash-equilibrium in this market is that the two firms produce the same quantity. Hence, they will have identical market shares, each will have 50%. Assume that firm 1 decides to invest in a technology that reduces its marginal costs. a) What will happen to the two firms market shares? You must explain how you find the answer. b) What will happen to total production and the price of the product? Again, explain your answer.arrow_forward. What is the Nash equilibrium in this advertising war?a) Coke advertises; Pepsi does not advertise b) Pepsi advertises; Coke does not advertise c) neither of them advertises d) both of them advertise Explain the reasons for your answer? Was any other equilibrium position possible? advertise do not advertise pepsi-advertise coke profit=$50B coke profit =$20B PEPSI profit =$50B pepsi profit =$100B do not advertise coke profit =$100B coke profit =$80B pepsi profit =$20B PEPSI PROFIT =$80 Barrow_forward
- Use the figures below to answer the following question. The figure on the left is the payoff matrix that represents the invisible hand game where two farmers decide which crop to plant, with the Nash equilibrium circled. The figure on the right illustrates the gains from trade realised in a perfectly competitive market. Discuss the common idea that is implied by both the invisible hand game and the perfectly competitive market.arrow_forwardHow would you solve for the Nash equilibrium total output, and total market profit? (see image))arrow_forwardAssume a Nash-Cournot equilibrium. How much output does firm 1 produce? Assume a Nash-Cournot equilibrium and no fixed cost. How much profit does firm 2 make? Now assume a collusive equilibrium. What is firm 1's output?arrow_forward
- Consider a "Betrand price competition model" between two profit maximizing widget producers say A and B. The marginal cost of producing a widget is 4 for each producer. Each widget producer has a capacity constraint to produce only 5 widgets. There are 8 identical individuals who demand 1 widget only, and individuals value each widget at 6. If the firms are maximizing profits, then which of the following statement is true: a) Firm A and Firm B will charge 4 b) Firm A and Firm B will charge 6 c) Firm A and Firm B will charge greater than or equal to 5 d) None of the options are correct. Explain clearly.arrow_forwardFind Nash equilibrium using cell by cell inspectionarrow_forwardDuopoly and menu costs. (This is adapted from CaminaI 1987.) Consider two firms producing imperfect substitutes. Both firms can produce at zero marginal cost. The demand for the good produced by firm i is given by Now suppose that both firms enter the period with price p., which is the Nash equilibrium price for some value of a, a·. They know b and c. They each observe the value of a for the period, and each firm must independently quote a price for the period. If it wants to quote a price different from p*, it must pay a cost k. Otherwise, it pays nothing. Once prices are quoted, demand is allocated, demand determines produdion, and profits are realized. (b) Compute the set of values of a (around a*) for which not to adjust prices is a Nash equilibrium. (c) Compute the set of values of a (around a*) for which to adjust prices is a Nash equilibrium. (d) Check that all equilibria are symmetric and therefore that there are no other equilibria than the ones computed above.…arrow_forward
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