Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of
Concept introduction:
Distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity:
Depending on the relative rate of alkyl radical formation, the type of chlorination product obtained differs. At room temperature, it is 5.00 times easier for a chlorine radical to form a tertiary radical than a primary radical, and it is 3.8 times easier to form a secondary radical than a primary radical. These, ratios differ at different temperatures.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(b)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(c)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(d)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(e)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.
(f)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(g)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(h)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(i)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 12 Solutions
Student's Study Guide and Solutions Manual for Organic Chemistry
- 1. What are the various ways by which alkenes may be synthesized?2. Give two examples each of Unsymmetrical alkenes and reagents.3. Give two examples of reactions of alkenes that result in Anti-Markonikov’s addition productsarrow_forwardWhat starting alkene reacted with H2O and H2SO4 catalyst is required to produce 2-methylbutan-2-ol?arrow_forwardIf you react 1-hexene with hydrochloric acid with peroxides, what product will you produce? Write out the proper IUPAC name(s) for the product(s)arrow_forward
- How many alkyl chlorides are obtained from monochlorination of the following alkanes? Disregard stereoisomers.arrow_forwardHow many alkyl chlorides are obtained from monochlorination of the following alkanes?Disregard stereoisomers.arrow_forwardWhat alkene should be used to synthesize 3-bromohexane? 3-bromohexanearrow_forward
- What alkylborane is formed from hydroboration of each alkene?arrow_forwardWhich structure will not yield cis- or trans- isomers after a reaction with H2/Lindlar catalyst or Na/NH3?arrow_forwardHow could 2,6-dimethylheptane be prepared from an alkyne and an alkyl halide? (The prime in R′ signifies that R and R′ can be different alkyl groups.)arrow_forward
- What is the IUPAC name of the expected major product formed when 5-chloro-1-methylcyclohexene is reduced with a Pt catalyst and H2?arrow_forwardWhat two stereoisomeric alkanes are formed from the catalytic hydrogenation of (z)-3-methyl-2-hexene? Draw and label the alkanes. What are the relative amounts of each alkane?arrow_forwardHow many moles of Bra are required to completely halogenate the alkene?A. One moleB. Two molesC. Three molesD. Four moles What is the expected arrangement of the bromine atoms relative to each other amongthe carbon involved in pi bonding?A. anti-conformationB. syn-conformationC. trans-configurationD. cis-configuration What happens to bromine when it is adjacent to an alkene during a chemical reaction?A. Bromine becomes stable. (? kasi before brown siya/acidic tas naging colorless? Jk ewan)B. Bromine becomes polarized.C. Bromine becomes hybridized.D. Bromine becomes acidic. The relative arrangement of bromine atoms in the product is primarily due to:A. ElectronegativityB. RepulsionC. Hydrogen bondingD. Atomic weightWhat is your observation after the reaction?A. A yellow flame is produced.B. Bromine water decolorizes.C. The alkene becomes denser.D. A brown precipitate forms.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY