Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 13.23P
13-23 What reagents and/or catalysts are necessary to carry out each conversion? Each conversion requires two steps.
- Benzene to 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
- Benzene to l-bromo-4-chlorobenzene
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.1PCh. 13 - Answer true or false. Alkenes, alkynes, and arenes...Ch. 13 - 13-3 What is the difference in structure between a...Ch. 13 - 13-4 Define aromatic compound.Ch. 13 - 13-5 Why are alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic...Ch. 13 - 13-B Do aromatic rings have double bonds? Are they...Ch. 13 - 13-7 Can an aromatic compound be a saturated...Ch. 13 - Draw at least two structural formulas for each of...Ch. 13 - 13-9 Write a structural formula and the name for...Ch. 13 - 13-10 Account for the fact that the six-membered...
Ch. 13 - 13-11 Explain why the compound 1,4-dichlorobenzene...Ch. 13 - 13-12 One analogy often used to explain the...Ch. 13 - 13-13 Answer true or false. A phenyl group has the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.14PCh. 13 - 13-15 Draw structural formulas for these compounds...Ch. 13 - 13-16 We say that naphthalene, anthracene,...Ch. 13 - 13-17 Following is the structural formula of...Ch. 13 - 13-18 Answer true or false. Benzene does not...Ch. 13 - 13-19 Suppose you have unlabeled bottles of...Ch. 13 - 13-20 Three products with the molecular formula...Ch. 13 - 13-21 The reaction of bromine with toluene in the...Ch. 13 - 13-22 What reagents and/or catalysts are necessary...Ch. 13 - 13-23 What reagents and/or catalysts are necessary...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.24PCh. 13 - 13-25 Answer true or false. (a) Phenols and...Ch. 13 - 13-26 Both phenol and cyclohexanol are only...Ch. 13 - 13-27 Define autoxidation.Ch. 13 - 13*28 Autoxidation is described as a radical-chain...Ch. 13 - 13-29 Show that if you add Steps 2a and 2b of the...Ch. 13 - 13-30 How does vitamin E function as an...Ch. 13 - 13-31 What structural features are common to...Ch. 13 - 13*32 Black-and-white photography is a commercial...Ch. 13 - 13-33 Following is the structural formula of...Ch. 13 - 13-34 (Chemical Connections 13A) From what parts...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.35PCh. 13 - 13-36 (Chemical Connections 13A, Would you expect...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.37PCh. 13 - 13-38 (Chemical Connections 13A) What is meant by...Ch. 13 - 13-39 (Chemical Connections 13B) What is a...Ch. 13 - 13-40 (Chemical Connections 130 In the absence of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.41PCh. 13 - 13-42 (Chemical Connections 13E) What are the...Ch. 13 - 13-43 (Chemical Connections 13E) Which features of...Ch. 13 - 13-44 (Chemical Connections 13E) What color would...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.45PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.46PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.47PCh. 13 - 13-48 (Chemical Connections 13F, How many...Ch. 13 - 13-49 (Chemical Connections 13F) In what ways is...Ch. 13 - 13*50 The structure for naphthalene given in...Ch. 13 - 13-51 Draw structural formulas for these...Ch. 13 - 13-52 2,6-Di-/ezY-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT,...Ch. 13 - 13-53 Write the structural formula for the product...Ch. 13 - 13-54 Styrene reacts with bromine to give a...Ch. 13 - 13-55 When toluene is treated with Br, in the...Ch. 13 - 13-56 Four alternatives to the structure of...Ch. 13 - 13-57 Benzene, as we have seen in this chapter, is...
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- 13-22 What reagents and/or catalysts are necessary to carry out each conversion? Benzene to nitrobenzene 1,4-dichlorobenzene to 2-bromo-l,4-dichlorobenzene Benzene to anilinearrow_forward13-18 Answer true or false. Benzene does not undergo the addition reactions that are characteristic of alkenes. A defining feature of aromatic compounds is that they are highly unsaturated but do not undergo characteristic alkene addition reactions. Nitration of benzene adds a —NO2 group to one of the carbons of the aromatic ring. Halogenation of an alkene is an addition reaction; halogenation of an arene is a substitution reaction.arrow_forward13-55 When toluene is treated with Br, in the presence of an AlBr ( catalyst, a mixture of three compounds is formed, all with the molecular formula C-H-Br. Draw structural formulas and name each of these products.arrow_forward
- 13-20 Three products with the molecular formula CgH^BrCl form when bromobenzene is treated with chlorine, Cl2, in the presence of FeCl3 as a catalyst. Name and draw a structural formula for each product.arrow_forward13-26 Both phenol and cyclohexanol are only slightly soluble in water. Account for the fact that phenol dissolves in aqueous sodium hydroxide but cyclohexanol does not.arrow_forward14-34 Write equations for the reaction of 2-butanol with these reagents. H2SO4, heat K2Cr2O7, H2SO4arrow_forward
- 14-35 Write equations for the reaction of each of the fol lowing compounds with K2Cr2O7/H2SO4. 1-Octanol 1,4-Butanediolarrow_forward13-21 The reaction of bromine with toluene in the presence of FeCl3 gives a mixture of three products, all with the molecular formula C7H7Br. Name and draw a structural formula for each product.arrow_forward17-73 Alcohols can be prepared by the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes (Section 12-6B) and by the reduction of aldehydes and ketones (Section 17-4B). Show how you might prepare each of the following alcohols by (1) acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene and (2) reduction of an aldehyde or a ketone. (a) Ethanol (b) Cyclohexanol (c) 2-Propanol (d) 1-Phenylethanolarrow_forward
- 13-25 Answer true or false. (a) Phenols and alcohols have in common the presence of an —OH group. Phenols are weak acids and react with strong bases to give water-soluble salts. The pK„ of phenol is smaller than that of acetic acid. Autoxidation converts an R—H group to an R—OH group. A carbon radical has only seven electrons in the valence shell of one of its carbons, and this carbon bears a positive charge. (f, A characteristic of a chain initiation step is conversion of a nonradical to a radical. Autoxidation is a radical-chain reaction. A characteristic of the chain propagation step is reaction of a radical and a molecule to form a new radical and a new molecule. Vitamin E and other natural antioxidants function by interrupting the cycle of chain propagation steps that occurs in autoxidation.arrow_forward14-78 Consider alkenes A, B, and C. each of which has the same molecular formula, C(.H12. Alkenes B and C can each be separated into cis and trans isomers. Upon catalytic reduction using H,, in the presence of a transition metal catalyst (Ni, Pd, or Pt>, alkenes A, B, and C all give hexane as the only product. Acid- catalyzed hydration of alkene C gives one alcohol with the molecular formula CeH14O. Acid catalyzed- hydration of alkene B gives an equal mixture of two alcohols, each with the molecular formula C6H14O. Acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene C gives only a single alcohol with the molecular formula C6H14O. Propose structural formulas for alkenes A, B, and C and the alcohols formed by acid-catalyzed hydration of each, consistent with these experimental results.arrow_forward17-3 1 Draw a structural formula for the principal organic product formed when each compound is treated with K2Cr2O7/H2SO4. If there is no reaction, say so. (a) Butanal (b) Benzaldehyde (c) Cyclohexanone (d) Cyclohexanolarrow_forward
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