Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The volume percent of ethylene glycol is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
The volume percent is defined as the volume of the component divided by the volume of solution, multiplied by 100.
The formula to calculate the volume percent of the solution is as follows:
The formula to calculate the density is as follows:
(b)
Interpretation:
The mass percent of ethylene glycol is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Mass percent is defined as the mass of a component divided by the total mass of the mixture, multiplied by 100.
The formula to calculate the mass percent is as follows:
The formula to calculate the density is as follows:
(c)
Interpretation:
The molarity of the ethylene glycol is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in one litre of solution. It is represented by
The formula to calculate the molarity of the solution is as follows:
The formula to calculate the density is as follows:
(d)
Interpretation:
The molality of ethylene glycol is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Molality is the measure of the concentration of solute in the solution. It is the amount of solute that is dissolved in one kilogram of the solvent. It is represented by
The formula to calculate the molality of the solution is as follows:
The formula to calculate the density is as follows:
(e)
Interpretation:
The mole fraction of ethylene glycol is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The mole fraction is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the total number of moles in the mixture. It is represented by
The formula to calculate the mole fraction is as follows:
The formula to calculate the density is as follows:
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