Microeconomics, Student Value Edition Plus MyLab Economics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641904
Author: Daron Acemoglu, David Laibson, John List
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 13Q
To determine
An explanation for real-life deviations from Nash equilibria.
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Economic agents for example consumers or firms often do things
Economic agents (for example, consumers or firms) often do things that at first glance seem to be inconsistent with their self-interest. People tip at restaurants and when they are on vacation even if they have no intention to return to the same place. Firms, sometimes, install costly pollution abatement equipment voluntarily. How can these deviations from Nash predictions be explained?
Economic agents for example consumers or firms often do things
At a company, 20 employees are making contributions for a retirement gift.Each person is choosing how many dollars to contribute from the interval[0,10]. The payoff to person i is bi X xi - xi, where bi > 0 is the “warm glow”he receives from each dollar he contributes, and he incurs a personal cost of 1.a. Assume bi < 1 for all i. Find all Nash equilibria. How much is collected?b. Assume bi > 1 for all i. Find all Nash equilibria. How much is collected?c. Assume bi = 1 for all i. Find all Nash equilibria. How much is collected?Now suppose the manager of these 20 employees has announced that shewill contribute d > 0 dollars for each dollar that an employee contributes.The warm glow effect to employee i from contributing a dollar is now bi X(1 + d) because each dollar contributed actually results in a total contribution of 1 + d. Assume bi = 0.1 for i = 1, . . . , 5; bi = 0.2 for i = 6, . . . , 10; bi = 0.25 for i = 11, . . . , 15; and bi = 0.5 for i = 16, . . . , 20.d. What…
The primary research finding from studies of the “Ultimatum Game” is that when most people make economic decisions they … (choose one)
-optimize.
-consider the issue of fairness.
-meliorate.
-apply the availability heuristic.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Microeconomics, Student Value Edition Plus MyLab Economics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (2nd Edition)
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- The prisoner illustrates that rational, self-interested individuals will natuarally avoid the Nash equilibrium, because it is worse for both of them, true or false and why ?arrow_forwardBehavioral economics suggests that people are more likely to take risks when given choices that are framed in terms of ________ rather than _______. (Fill in both blanks, separated by a comma.)arrow_forwardThere is a city, which looks like chopped isosceles triangle, as shown below. Citizens live uniformly distributed all over the city. Two ice-cream vendors, A and B, must independently set up stores in the city. Each citizen buys from the vendor closest to their location and when equidistant from both vendors they choose by coin toss. Each vendor’s aim is to maximize the expected number of customers. A choice of location by the two vendors is a Nash equilibrium if no vendor can do better by deviating unilaterally. Does this game have a Nash equilibrium? If so, describe it. If not, explain why notarrow_forward
- Two players play the Ultimatum Game, in which they are to split $20. A purely rational agent would only reject an offer of …arrow_forwardTrue or false? If a game has a Nash equilibrium, that equilibrium will be the equilibrium that we expect to observe in the real world. False. People don’t always act in the way that a Nash equilibrium requires. People don’t always make the necessary calculations and they take into account the outcome of others. False. A Nash equilibrium is based on very strict assumptions that rarely hold in the real world. No real-world situation leads to a Nash equilibrium. True. As long as people are rational and have their own self-interest at heart, real-life games will result in the Nash equilibrium. True. Nash’s theory of equilibrium outcomes was derived from real-world interactions. The theory holds true for almost all real-world scenarios.arrow_forwardWhy might prospect theory-like behavior be rational? Why do many behavioral economists argue that such behavior irrational?arrow_forward
- You have just played rock, paper, scissors with your friend. You chose scissors and he chose paper, so you won. Is this a Nash equilibrium? Explain why or why not.arrow_forwardOur classroom needs a better webcam. A webcam benefits everyone and I am soliciting donations from the class. There are N students, and each student possesses a token. A webcam costs K tokens. K is greater than 2, but less than N. Now, the action of each student is to either donate a token or avoid me. Find the Nash equilibrium/equilibria. Give an answer with reasoning.arrow_forwardSuppose Justine and Sarah are playing the ultimatum game. Justine is the proposer, has $140 to allocate, and Sarah can accept or reject the offer. Based on repeated experiments of the ultimatum game, what combination of payouts to Justine and Sarah is most likely to occur?.arrow_forward
- Derive all of the rationalizable strategies for the game shown.arrow_forwardSuppose China and the US are deciding whether to join an international agreement to mitigate climate change. The matrix below contains payoffs that represent each country’s net benefit from their decisions. Use this information to answer Question 24. CHINA USA Join Agreement Do Not Join Agreement Join Agreement (100,100) (0,125) Do Not Join Agreement (125,0) (25,25) [24] What does each country decide to do in a Nash equilibrium? AND What is the efficient outcome? Nash: Efficient:arrow_forwardProspect theory is based on behavioral economists' understanding of how people what? react to good things (or gains) and bad (or losses). make predictions about their future income. search for job prospects or business prospects. behave under stressful conditions.arrow_forward
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