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Global warming will produce rising sea levels partly due to melting ice team but alga due to the expansion of water as average ocean temperatures rise. To get some idea of the size of this effect, calculate me change in length of a column of water 1.00 km high for a temperature increase of
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- Global warming will produce rising sea levels partly due to melting ice caps and partly due to the expansion of water as average ocean temperatures rise. To get some idea of the size of this effect, calculate the change in length of a column of water 1.00 km high for a temperature increase of 1.00 C. Assume the column is not free to expand sideways. As a model of the ocean, that is a reasonable approximation, as only parts of the ocean very close to the surface can expand sideways onto land, and only to a limited degree. As another approximation, neglect the fact that ocean wan-ling is not uniform with depth.arrow_forwardAt 25.0 m below the surface of the sea, where the temperature is 5.00C, a diver exhales an air bubble having a volume of 1.00 cm3. If the surface temperature of the sea is 20.0C, what is the volume of the bubble just before it breaks the surface?arrow_forwardAs the very first rudiment of climatology, estimate the temperature of Earth. Assume it is a perfect sphere and its temperature is uniform. Ignore the greenhouse effect. Thermal radiation from the Sun has an intensity (the "solar constant" S) of about 1370 W/m2 at the radius of Earth's orbit. (a) Assuming the Sun's rays are parallel, what area must S be multiplied by to get the total radiation intercepted by Earth? It will be easiest to answer in tens of Earth's radius, R. (b) Assume that Earth reflects about 30% of the solar energy it intercepts. In other words, Earth has an albedo with a value of A=0.3 . In terms of S, and R, what is the rate at which Earth absorbs energy from the Sun? (c) Find the temperature at which Earth radiates energy at the same rate. Assume that at the infrared wavelengths where it radiates, the emissivity e is 1. Does your result show that the greenhouse effect is important? (d) How does your answer depend on the area of Earth?arrow_forward
- As shown below, which is the phase diagram for carbon dioxide, what is the vapor pressure of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) at -78.5 (Note that the axes in the figure ale nonlinear and the graph is not to scale.)arrow_forward(a) If the partial pressure of water vapor is 8.05 torr, what is the dew point? (760 torr = I atm 101, 325 Pa) (b) On a warn day when the air temperature is 35 and the dew point is 25 , what are the partial of the water in the air and the relative humidity?arrow_forwardThe goal in this problem is to find the growth of an ice layer as a function of time. Call the thickness of the ice layer L. (a) Derive an equation for dL/dt in terms of L , the temperature T above the ice, and the properties of ice (which can leave in symbolic form instead of substituting the numbers). (b) Solve this differential equation assuming that at t=0 , you have L=0 . If you have studied differential equations, you will know a technique for solving equations of this type: manipulate the equation to get dL/dt multiplied by a (very simple) function of L on one side, and integrate both sides with respect to time. Alternatively, you may be able to use your knowledge of the derivatives of various functions to guess the solution, which has a simple dependence on t. (c) Will the water eventually freeze to the bottom of the flask?arrow_forward
- Show that =3a , by calculating the infinitesimal change in volume dT of a cube with sides of length L when the temperature changes by dT .arrow_forwardA constant-volume gas thermometer contains a fixed amount of gas. What property of the gas is measured to indicate its temperature?arrow_forwardSome amount of heat energy is removed from a 9cm X 22cm X 16cm block of ice to cool from 0°C to -12°C. (Hint: to find mass, use the relation between, density, mass and volume) Calculate the following: a) The mas of ice cube in grams (density of ice = 920 kg/m3). %3D b) The temperature difference in kelvin b) The energy removed from ice in calories - (specific heat of ice = 2093 J/kg°C)arrow_forward
- How much areater is the rate of heat radiation when a body is at the temperature 40° C than when it is a the temperature 20°C?arrow_forwardAccording to the website of theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the averagetemperature of the universe is 2.7 K. Convert this temperature todegrees Celsius.arrow_forwardA-2.16. The heat capacity of air is much lower than the heat capacityof water and a relatively small amount of heat is sufficient to change its temperature. Is itone of the reasons why in deserts, despite the high temperature during the day, wit is bitter cold at night. Heat capacity of air in constant volume wroom temperature is approximately 21 J K-1 mol-1. How much heat is needed toIncrease the air temperature in a room of 5.5 mx 6.5 mx 3.0 m by 10 ° C? Howa 1.0 kW heater would have to be on for a long time to achieve this temperature change,if there was no heat lossarrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning