Concept explainers
Define each of the following:
a.
b. Brønsted—Lowry acid
c. Lewis acid
Which of the definitions is most general? Write reactions to justify your answer.
(a)
Interpretation: The definition of each term, Arrhenius acid, Bronsted-Lowry acid and Lewis acid is to be given. The most general definition from these terms is to be identified and the reactions are to be given for the justification of answers.
Concept introduction: An acid is a substance that turns litmus to red. It has a sour taste.
Answer to Problem 1RQ
Answer
Arrhenius acid produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.
Explanation of Solution
To define: Arrhenius acid.
The substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solution is known as Arrhenius acid.
Arrhenius postulated the concept of acid. According to him “The substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solution is known as acid.”
(b)
Interpretation: The definition of each term, Arrhenius acid, Bronsted-Lowry acid and Lewis acid is to be given. The most general definition from these terms is to be identified and the reactions are to be given for the justification of answers.
Concept introduction: An acid is a substance that turns litmus to red. It has a sour taste.
Answer to Problem 1RQ
Answer
Bronsted-Lowry acids are able to donate a proton.
Explanation of Solution
To define: Bronsted-Lowry acid.
The substance that can donate a proton
Johannes Bronsted and Thomas Lowry proposed a model known as Bronsted-Lowry model. According to this model “The donor of proton
(c)
Interpretation: The definition of each term, Arrhenius acid, Bronsted-Lowry acid and Lewis acid is to be given. The most general definition from these terms is to be identified and the reactions are to be given for the justification of answers.
Concept introduction: An acid is a substance that turns litmus to red. It has a sour taste.
Answer to Problem 1RQ
Answer
Lewis acids can accept a pair of electrons.
The most general definition of acid is given by Bronsted-Lowry model.
Explanation of Solution
To define: Lewis acid.
The chemical species that accepts a pair of non-bonding electrons is known as Lewis acid.
The Gilbert Newton Lewis suggested acid-base theory. According to this theory “The species that can accept a pair of non bonding electrons is known as acid.”
The most general definition of acid is given by Bronsted-Lowry model because this model is applicable to the non-aqueous solution also.
Arrhenius acid,
The substance that produces hydrogen ions in aqueous solution is known as Arrhenius acid.
The dissociation reaction of
The compound
Bronsted-Lowry acid,
The donor of proton
The reaction of
Lowry acid,
The chemical compound that accepts a pair of non-bonding electrons is known as Lewis acid.
The compound
Figure 1
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Chapter 13 Solutions
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