Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life, Books a la Carte Edition (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134508382
Author: Jeff Bennett, William L. Briggs, Mario F. Triola
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 1.3, Problem 24E
Confounding. For each of the studies described in Exercises 21–28, identify any problems that are likely to cause confounding and explain how the problems could be avoided. Discuss any other problems that might affect the results, such as a placebo effect.
- 24. Mendelian Genetics. In one of Mendel’s famous genetics experiments that he conducted with peas, he obtained a sample of offspring peas consisting of 428 green peas and 152 yellow peas. Based on his theories, he expected that 25% of the offspring peas would be yellow.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
In August and September
2005
, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused extraordinary flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana. Many homes were severely damaged or destroyed, and of those that survived, many required extensive cleaning. It was thought that cleaning flood-damaged homes might present a health hazard due to the large amounts of mold present in many of the homes. In a sample of
350
residents of Orleans Parish who had participated in the cleaning of one or more homes,
50
had experienced symptoms of wheezing, and in a sample of
176
residents who had not participated in the cleaning,
42
reported wheezing symptoms (numbers read from a graph). Can you conclude that there is a difference between the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms who cleaned flood-damaged homes and those who did not participate in the cleaning? Let
p1
denote the proportion of residents with wheezing symptoms who had cleaned flood-damaged homes and
p2
denote the proportion of…
The popular show 13 Reasons Why is organized around the suicide of the 17-year-old Hannah, In the show, Hannah herself describes reasons why she decided to kill herself. One of the early episodes originally depicted her suicide in graphic detail. Some critics and mental health advocates argued that the series represented suicide irresponsibly and worried that the show would lead to copycat suicides or self-harm.
To test the effect of the show, Niederkrotenthaler et al. (2019) first used social media to determine the exact months of the year when the show was being discussed. They found that public attention was highest during April 2017. What type of design did they use?
Group of answer choices
Interrupted time-series design
Nonequivalent control group posttest-only design
Quasi-independent variable
None of the above
In August and September 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused extraordinary flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana. Many homes were severely damaged or destroyed; of those that survived, many required extensive cleaning. It was thought that cleaning flood-damaged homes might present a health hazard due to the large amounts of mold present in many of the homes. An article reports that in a sample of 365 residents of Orleans Parish who had participated in the cleaning of one or more homes, 78 had experienced symptoms of wheezing, and in a sample of 179 residents who had not participated in cleaning, 23 reported wheezing symptoms (numbers read from a graph). Can you conclude that the frequency of wheezing symptoms is greater among those residents who participated in the cleaning of flood-damaged homes? Find the P-value and state a conclusion.
The P-value is . Round the answer to four decimal places.
We (Click to select) can cannot conclude that the frequency of wheezing…
Chapter 1 Solutions
Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life, Books a la Carte Edition (5th Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 1.1 - Basic Definitions. Define the terms population,...Ch. 1.1 - Confidence Interval. What is a margin of error,...Ch. 1.1 - Statistical Process. Describe the five basic steps...Ch. 1.1 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 510, determine...Ch. 1.1 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 510, determine...Ch. 1.1 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 510, determine...Ch. 1.1 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 510, determine...Ch. 1.1 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 510, determine...Ch. 1.1 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 510, determine...
Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 1.1 - Population, Sample, Statistic, and Parameter....Ch. 1.1 - Population, Sample, Statistic, and Parameter....Ch. 1.1 - Population, Sample, Statistic, and Parameter....Ch. 1.1 - Identifying the Confidence Interval. In Exercises...Ch. 1.1 - Identifying the Confidence Interval. In Exercises...Ch. 1.1 - Identifying the Confidence Interval. In Exercises...Ch. 1.1 - Identifying the Confidence Interval. In Exercises...Ch. 1.1 - Identifying the Confidence Interval. In Exercises...Ch. 1.1 - Identifying the Confidence Interval. In Exercises...Ch. 1.1 - Forming Conclusions. For each of Exercises 2124,...Ch. 1.1 - Forming Conclusions. For each of Exercises 2124,...Ch. 1.1 - Forming Conclusions. For each of Exercises 2124,...Ch. 1.1 - Forming Conclusions. For each of Exercises 2124,...Ch. 1.1 - Interpreting Real Studies. For each of Exercises...Ch. 1.1 - Interpreting Real Studies. For each of Exercises...Ch. 1.1 - Interpreting Real Studies. For each of Exercises...Ch. 1.1 - Interpreting Real Studies. For each of Exercises...Ch. 1.1 - Five Steps in a Study. Describe how you would...Ch. 1.1 - Five Steps in a Study. Describe how you would...Ch. 1.1 - Five Steps in a Study. Describe how you would...Ch. 1.1 - Five Steps in a Study. Describe how you would...Ch. 1.2 - Census and Sample. What is a census, what is a...Ch. 1.2 - Representative Sample. What is a representative...Ch. 1.2 - Biased Sample. What is a biased sample, and what...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. List and define five common...Ch. 1.2 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.2 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.2 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.2 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.2 - Census. In Exercises 912, determine whether a...Ch. 1.2 - Census. In Exercises 912, determine whether a...Ch. 1.2 - Census. In Exercises 912, determine whether a...Ch. 1.2 - Census. In Exercises 912, determine whether a...Ch. 1.2 - Representative Samples? In Exercises 1316,...Ch. 1.2 - Representative Samples? In Exercises 1316,...Ch. 1.2 - Representative Samples? In Exercises 1316,...Ch. 1.2 - Representative Samples? In Exercises 1316,...Ch. 1.2 - Evaluate the Sample Choices. Exercises 17 and 18...Ch. 1.2 - Evaluate the Sample Choices. Exercises 17 and 18...Ch. 1.2 - Bias. In Exercises 1922, determine whether there...Ch. 1.2 - Bias. In Exercises 1922, determine whether there...Ch. 1.2 - Bias. In Exercises 1922, determine whether there...Ch. 1.2 - Bias. In Exercises 1922, determine whether there...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Sampling Methods. In Exercises 2338, identify...Ch. 1.2 - Choosing Sampling Methods. For each of Exercises...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 1.2 - Choosing Sampling Methods. For each of Exercises...Ch. 1.3 - Variables. Define variable, variables, of...Ch. 1.3 - Confounding. In testing the effectiveness of a new...Ch. 1.3 - Placebo. What is a placebo, and why is it...Ch. 1.3 - Blinding. What is blinding, and why is it...Ch. 1.3 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Type of Study. For Exercises 920, determine...Ch. 1.3 - Confounding. For each of the studies described in...Ch. 1.3 - Confounding. For each of the studies described in...Ch. 1.3 - Confounding. For each of the studies described in...Ch. 1.3 - Confounding. For each of the studies described in...Ch. 1.3 - Confounding. For each of the studies described in...Ch. 1.3 - Confounding. For each of the studies described in...Ch. 1.3 - Confounding. For each of the studies described in...Ch. 1.3 - Confounding. For each of the studies described in...Ch. 1.3 - Analyzing Experiments. Exercises 2932 present...Ch. 1.3 - Analyzing Experiments. Exercises 2932 present...Ch. 1.3 - Analyzing Experiments. Exercises 2932 present...Ch. 1.3 - Analyzing Experiments. Exercises 2932 present...Ch. 1.4 - Critical Evaluation. Briefly describe the eight...Ch. 1.4 - Peer Review. What is peer review? How is it...Ch. 1.4 - Selection Bias and Participation Bias. Describe...Ch. 1.4 - Self-Selected Surveys. Why are self-selected...Ch. 1.4 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Does It Make Sense? For Exercises 58, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Applying Guidelines. In Exercises 916, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Applying Guidelines. In Exercises 916, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Applying Guidelines. In Exercises 916, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Applying Guidelines. In Exercises 916, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Applying Guidelines. In Exercises 916, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Applying Guidelines. In Exercises 916, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Applying Guidelines. In Exercises 916, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Applying Guidelines. In Exercises 916, determine...Ch. 1.4 - Bias. In each of Exercises 1720, identify and...Ch. 1.4 - Bias. In each of Exercises 1720, identify and...Ch. 1.4 - Bias. In each of Exercises 1720, identify and...Ch. 1.4 - Bias. In each of Exercises 1720, identify and...Ch. 1.4 - Its All in the Wording. Princeton Survey Research...Ch. 1.4 - Tax or Spend? A Gallup poll asked the following...Ch. 1.4 - Accurate Headlines? Exercises 23 and 24 give a...Ch. 1.4 - Accurate Headlines? Exercises 23 and 24 give a...Ch. 1.4 - Stat Bites. Politicians commonly believe that they...Ch. 1.4 - Stat Bites. Politicians commonly believe that they...Ch. 1.4 - Stat Bites. Politicians commonly believe that they...Ch. 1.4 - Stat Bites. Politicians commonly believe that they...Ch. 1 - Medication Usage In a survey of 3005 adults aged...Ch. 1 - Simple Random Sample. An important element of this...Ch. 1 - Echinacea Treatment. Rhinoviruses typically cause...Ch. 1 - Wording of a Survey Question. In The...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 15, assume that you conduct a survey...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 15, assume that you conduct a survey...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 15, assume that you conduct a survey...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 15, assume that you conduct a survey...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 15, assume that you conduct a survey...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 610, consider a clinical trial...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 610, consider a clinical trial...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 610, consider a clinical trial...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 610, consider a clinical trial...Ch. 1 - In Exercises 610, consider a clinical trial...Ch. 1 - In a Marist Poll, respondents chose the most...Ch. 1 - From the poll results given in Exercise 11, can we...Ch. 1 - Consider a study in which you measure the weights...Ch. 1 - Consider a survey of randomly selected people in...Ch. 1 - If a statistical study is carefully conducted in...Ch. 1 - Public Health Is Your Lifestyle Healthy? Consider...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2.3FCh. 1 - Prob. 2.5F
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardIn August and September 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused extraordinary flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana. Many homes were severely damaged or destroyed; of those that survived, many required extensive cleaning. It was thought that cleaning flood-damaged homes might present a health hazard due to the large amounts of mold present in many of the homes. An article reports that in a sample of 365 residents of Orleans Parish who had participated in the cleaning of one or more homes, 78 had experienced symptoms of wheezing, and in a sample of 179 residents who had not participated in cleaning, 23 reported wheezing symptoms (numbers read from a graph). Can you conclude that the frequency of wheezing symptoms is greater among those residents who participated in the cleaning of flood-damaged homes? Find the P-value and state a conclusion.arrow_forward6. In the book Business Research Methods (5th ed.), Donald R. Cooper and C. William Emory discuss studying the relationship between on-the-job accidents and smoking. Cooper and Emory describe the study as follows: Suppose a manager implementing a smoke-free workplace policy is interested in whether smoking affects worker accidents. Since the company has complete reports of on-the-job accidents, she draws a sample of names of workers who were involved in accidents during the last year. A similar sample from among workers who had no reported accidents in the last year is drawn. She interviews members of both groups to determine if they are smokers or not. The sample results are given in the following table.arrow_forward
- In the book Business Research Methods (5th ed.), Donald R. Cooper and C. William Emory discuss studying the relationship between on-the-job accidents and smoking. Cooper and Emory describe the study as follows: Suppose a manager implementing a smoke-free workplace policy is interested in whether smoking affects worker accidents. Since the company has complete reports of on-the-job accidents, she draws a sample of names of workers who were involved in accidents during the last year. A similar sample from among workers who had no reported accidents in the last year is drawn. She interviews members of both groups to determine if they are smokers or not. The sample results are given in the following table. On-the-Job Accident Smoker Yes No Row Total Heavy 12 5 17 Moderate 9 10 19 Nonsmoker 13 17 30 Column total 34 32 66 Expected counts are below observed counts Accident No Accident Total Heavy 12 5 17 8.76 8.24…arrow_forwardDuring the 2013 season, Major League Baseball took steps to speed up the play of baseball games in order to maintain fan interest. The average duration of a game from a sample of 60 games played during the summer of 2012 was 2 hours and 52 minutes. The average duration of a game from a sample of 50 games played during the summer of 2013 was 2 hours and 46 minutes. For the purposes of this question, let 2013 games be population 1. 1a. A research hypothesis was that the steps taken during the 2013 season would reduce the population mean duration of baseball games. Formulate null and alternative hypotheses. 1b. What is the point estimate of the reduction in the mean duration of games during the 2003 season?arrow_forward1. Observational studies suggest that moderate use of alcohol reduces heart attacks, and that red wine may have special benefits. One reason may be that red wine contains polyphenols, substances that do good things to cholesterol in the blood and so may reduce the risk of heart attacks. In an experiment, healthy men were assigned at random to drink half a bottle of either red or white wine each day for two weeks. The level of polyphenols in their blood was measured before and after the two week period. Here are the percent changes in level for the subjects in both groups.Red 3.5 8.1 7.4 4.0 0.7 4.9 8.4 7.0 5.5White 3.1 0.5 -3.8 4.1 -0.6 2.7 1.9 -5.9 0.1 a. Is there good evidence that red wine drinkers gain more polyphenols on average than white wine drinkers? b. Does this study give reason to think that it is drinking red wine, rather than some lurking variable, that causes the increase in blood polyphenols? Justify your answer.c. Calculate and interpret a 95% confidence interval for…arrow_forward
- A psychologist wishes to test a behavioral modification therapy that is claimed to improve the behavior of pre-teen autistic children. She randomly selects 40 pre-teen autistic children and exposes half of the group to the behavioral modification therapy while the other half continue with their standard treatment regimen. A standardized behavioral test is administered to each child both before and after his/her respective treatment. The population in this experiment isarrow_forwardIn a number of pharmaceutical studies volunteers who take placebos but they are told they have taken a cold remedy report the following side effects head ache 25%, drowsiness 7%, stomach upset 4%, no side effects 84%.a random sample of 250 people who were given a placebo but who thought they have taken an anti inflammatory reported whether they had experienced each of the side effects. Do the data presented in the table provide enough evidence to infer that the reported side effects of placebo for an anti inflammatory differ from that of a cold remedy? Use 10% significance level. Side effects number of people Headache 10 Drowsiness 19 Stomach upset 6 No side effect 215arrow_forwardA doctor would like to evaluate whether flu-frequency is different among patients of various ages. He groups his most recent 12 patients into four groups according to age (pediatric, young adult, older adult, senior), and counts the frequency of their flu-related visits. Below is his data. Test the hypothesis that flu frequency is different among pediatric, adult, older adult, and senior patients using an alpha level of .01. Pediatric. Young Adult. Older Adult. Senior 6 2 4 7 4 1 0 9 5 0 0 12 a. What test is appropriate? b. State your null hypothesis: c. State your alternative hypothesis. d. Find the critical value:…arrow_forward
- 9. A data set from a study that examined the effect of a specific diet on blood pressure is provided on the course web page. Participants (n = 72) were randomly assigned either to a group that was put on the diet (Diet = Present) or to a group that was not put on the diet (Diet = Absent), and researchers wanted to know whether the diet had a significant impact on blood pressure. The other variables in the data set are drug (X, Y, or Z) and a biofeedback condition (present or absent), but we wish to focus on the diet effect here. Test whether there is a statistically significant difference in mean blood pressure between the diet groups. Report the appropriate test statistic, df, and p-value. Biofeedback Drug Diet BldPres Present X Absent 170 Present X Absent 175 Present X Absent 165 Present X Absent 180 Present X Absent 160 Present X Absent 158 Present X Present 161 Present X Present 173 Present X Present 157 Present X Present 152 Present X Present 181 Present…arrow_forwardExercise 6.28 provides data on sleep deprivation rates of Californians and Oregonians. The proportion of California residents who reported insucient rest or sleep during each of the preceding 30 days is 8.0%, while this proportion is 8.8% for Oregon residents. These data are based on simple random samples of 11,545 California and 4,691 Oregon residents. a) Conduct a hypothesis test to determine if these data provide strong evidence the rate of sleep deprivation is different for the two states. Use Oregon as Group A and California as Group B.Find the test statistic and p-value. b) It is possible the conclusion of the test in part (a) is incorrect. If this is the case, what type of error was made?arrow_forwardA doctor would like to evaluate whether flu-frequency is different among patients of various ages. He groups his most recent 12 patients into four groups according to age (pediatric, young adult, older adult, senior), and counts the frequency of their flu-related visits. Below is his data. Test the hypothesis that flu frequency is different among pediatric, adult, older adult, and senior patients using an alpha level of .01. Pediatric. Young Adult. Older Adult. Senior 6 2 4 7 4 1 0 9 5 0 0 12 g. What does your decision mean? h. Paste your SPSS output here: i. Explain how the Sig. value in your SPSS output leads you to…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Mod-01 Lec-01 Discrete probability distributions (Part 1); Author: nptelhrd;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6x1pL9Yov1k;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Discrete Probability Distributions; Author: Learn Something;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m9U4UelWLFs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Probability Distribution Functions (PMF, PDF, CDF); Author: zedstatistics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXLVjCKVP7U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Discrete Distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Hypergeometric | Statistics for Data Science; Author: Dr. Bharatendra Rai;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHhyy4JMigg;License: Standard Youtube License