You are the science officer on a visit to a distant solar system. Prior to landing on a planet you measure its diameter to be
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- For many years, astronomer Percival Lowell searched for a Planet X that might explain some of the perturbations observed in the orbit of Uranus. These perturbations were later explained when the masses of the outer planets and planetoids, particularly Neptune, became better measured (Voyager 2). At the time, however, Lowell had proposed the existence of a Planet X that orbited the Sun with a mean distance of 43 AU. With what period would this Planet X orbit the Sun?arrow_forwardThe astronaut orbiting the Earth in Figure P3.27 is preparing to dock with a Westar VI satellite. The satellite is in a circular orbit 600 km above the Earth’s surface, where the free-fall acceleration is 8.21 m/s2. Take the radius of the Earth as 6 400 km. Determine the speed of the satellite and the time interval required to complete one orbit around the Earth, which is the period of the satellite. Figure P3.27arrow_forwardModel the Moons orbit around the Earth as an ellipse with the Earth at one focus. The Moons farthest distance (apogee) from the center of the Earth is rA = 4.05 108 m, and its closest distance (perigee) is rP = 3.63 108 m. a. Calculate the semimajor axis of the Moons orbit. b. How far is the Earth from the center of the Moons elliptical orbit? c. Use a scale such as 1 cm 108 m to sketch the EarthMoon system at apogee and at perigee and the Moons orbit. (The semiminor axis of the Moons orbit is roughly b = 3.84 108 m.)arrow_forward
- The Sun has a mass of approximately 1.99 1030 kg. a. Given that the Earth is on average about 1.50 1011 m from the Sun, what is the magnitude of the Suns gravitational field at this distance? b. Sketch the magnitude of the gravitational field due to the Sun as a function of distance from the Sun. Indicate the Earths position on your graph. Assume the radius of the Sun is 7.00 108 m and begin the graph there. c. Given that the mass of the Earth is 5.97 1024 kg, what is the magnitude of the gravitational force on the Earth due to the Sun?arrow_forwardSaturns ring system forms a relatively thin, circular disk in the equatorial plane of the planet. The inner radius of the ring system is approximately 92,000 km from the center of the planet, and the outer edge is about 137,000 km from the center of the planet. The mass of Saturn itself is 5.68 1026 kg. a. What is the period of a particle in the outer edge compared with the period of a particle in the inner edge? b. How long does it take a particle in the inner edge to move once around Saturn? c. While this inner-edge particle is completing one orbit abound Saturn, how far around Saturn does a particle on the outer edge move?arrow_forwardIf a spacecraft is headed for the outer solar system, it may require several gravitational slingshots with planets in the inner solar system. If a spacecraft undergoes a head-on slingshot with Venus as in Example 11.6, find the spacecrafts change in speed vS. Hint: Venuss orbital period is 1.94 107 s, and its average distance from the Sun is 1.08 1011 m.arrow_forward
- Planetary orbits are often approximated as uniform circular motion. Figure P7.9 is a scaled representation of a planets orbit with a semimajor axis of 1.524 AU. a. Use Figure P7.9 to find the ratio of the Suns maximum gravitational field to its minimum gravitational field on the planets orbit. b. What is the ratio of the planets maximum speed to its minimum speed? c. Comment on the validity of approximating this orbit as uniform circular motion.arrow_forwardAn intergalactic spaceship arrives at a distant planet that rotates on its axis with a period of T. The spaceship enters a geosynchronous orbit at a distance of R. a) From the given information, write a general expression for the mass of the planet in terms of G and the variables from the problem statement. b) Calculate the mass of the planet in kilograms if T = 26 hours and R = 2.1 × 108 m.arrow_forwardAt what distance and what speed from the center of the planet Jupiter must a satellite be in orbit to have a period of 10 hours? Mass of the Jupiter is 1.9*10^27 Kgarrow_forward
- You wish to put a 1000.0-kg satellite into a circular orbit above the earth’s surface with a period of 300.0 min. The mass and radius of the earth is 5.972×1024 kg and 6371 km respectively. What speed, distance from the earth’s surface, and radial acceleration will it have? Start with the free body diagram.arrow_forwardAn astronaut, whose mission is to go where no one has gone before, lands on a spherical planet in a distant galaxy. As she stands on the surface of the planet, she releases a small rock from rest and finds that it takes the rock 0.480 s to fall 1.90 m. If the radius of the planet is 8.60 * 107 m, what is the mass of the planet?arrow_forwardCommunications satellites are placed in a circular orbit where they stay directly over a fixed point on the equator as the earth rotates. These are called geosynchronous orbits. The altitude of a geosynchronous orbit is 3.58×107m(≈22,000miles)3.58×107m(≈22,000miles). What is the period of a satellite in a geosynchronous orbit? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. Find the value of gg at this altitude. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. What is the weight of a 2000 kg satellite in a geosynchronous orbit? Express your answer as an integer and include the appropriate units.arrow_forward
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