EBK MICROECONOMICS
21st Edition
ISBN: 8220103960151
Author: McConnell
Publisher: YUZU
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Question
Chapter 13, Problem 2DQ
To determine
The difference between the elasticity of monopolistic competitor and pure competitor.
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What is a feature common to both Monopolistic-Competition and Oligopoly type of markets?
O productive efficiency will occur in both the short run and long run, a desirable economic property of markets.
many smaller sized firms can produce the good or service at lower cost per unit than larger sized firms, thus
large firms fail in the long run.
the demand curve for each firm is not going to be purely elastic, because products are at least slightly
different than potential rival firms' product and/or there may be some consumer brand loyalty.
Firms in both types of markets eventually will be broken up by government anti-trust laws and regulations.
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Which of the following most accurately explains a general distinction between oligopolists that advertise and those that do not?
O Unlike nonadvertising oligopolists, advertising ones allocate resources inefficiently, charge a higher price, and restrict output so that price
exceeds average cost.
O Advertising oligopolists decrease the price to increase sales, whereas nonadvertising ones increase prices to increase profits.
O Advertising oligopolists compete using product differentiation instead of price reductions, whereas nonadvertising firms collude to form a
cartel to maximize joint profits.
O Advertising oligopolists set prices and output quotas to maximize joint profits, whereas nonadvertising ones use product differentiation.
Question 2 [JP.14.3.19]
Consider a duopoly where the market demand is described by the equation: P = 150- Q. The marginal
cost for each firm is $60.
lo.] If the firms compete simultaneously with output, what is each firm's profit-maximizing output, the market
quantity, and the price each firm charges?
(b.) What is the economic profit eamed by each firm (from question [a]}
[c.) If Firm 1 is a leader in output, what is each firm's profit-maximizing output, the market quantity, and the
price each firm charges?
[d.] What is the economic profit earned by each firm (from question [c])?
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Similar questions
- Consider an oligopolistic market with 5 identical firms that choose their profit-maximizing quantities simultaneously. Suppose each firm has constant marginal costs of $123 per unit and the market elasticity of demand is - 1.08. What is the change in the prevailing market price if one additional firm joins the market? Assume that the potential entrant is identical to the incumbent firms. O A. -7.71 O B. - 5.51 O C. -9.92 O D. - 6.89arrow_forwardMa3. You operate in a duopoly in which you and a rival must simultaneously decide what price to charge for the same homogeneous product. Assume each you and your rival can choose a “low price” or a “high price”. If you each charge a low price, you each earn zero profits. If you each charge a high price, you each earn profits of $3 million. If you charge different prices, the one charging the high price loses $5 million and the one charging the low price makes $5 million. What is the Nash equilibrium for the non-repeated version of this game? Now suppose the game is infinitely repeated. If the interest rate is 10%, can you do better than you could in the non-repeated version of this game? If your answer is “yes”, provide the players’ strategies and any other conditions that must hold.arrow_forwardThe graph below shows a duopolistic market. The firms in this market produce and sell identical products. The graph below shows the market demand, a corresponding marginal revenue curve for the product, and an identical marginal cost curve for each firm. Assume both firms have the goal of maximising economic profit. If the two firms were to collude, what would be the total economic profit made by each firm? O O O $24 $6 $16 $8 Price ($) 10 9 8 7 $0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 Insufficient information to determine economic profit of each firm. 1 2 3 4 MR 5 6 7 8 9 MC D 10 Quantityarrow_forward
- 3. The following graph summarizes the demand and costs for a firm that operates in a monopolistically competitive market. (LOI, LO3, LOS) $220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MR 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 a. What is the firm's optimal output? b. What is the firm's optimal price? c. What are the firm's maximum profits? d. What adjustments should the manager be anticipating? ATC 22 23 24 25 Quantityarrow_forwardWhat did Harvard economist Edward Chamberlin say about the observation that a monopolistically competitive firm's average cost of production exceeds its minimum average total cost? Select one: O a. Chamberlin argued that this belief is incorrect. In his view, monopolistically competitive firms do not produce at a cost above their minimum average total costs. O b. Chamberlin argued that these higher costs represent the wastefulness of this market structure. O c. In Chamberlin's view, this is evidence that monopolistic competition uses society's resources inefficiently and in a fashion that merits government intervention. O d. According to Chamberlin, this cost difference represents the value consumers place on variety and having more choice.arrow_forwardConsider two firms that produce identical products in a situation of duopoly. The two firms have the same marginal cost. Which of the following statements is true: O Under Cournot competition, the equilibrium price is lower than the equilibrium price under Bertrand competition O Under Cournot competition, the equilibrium price will be at the same level as the equilibrium price under perfect competition Under Cournot competition, the equilibrium price will be at the same level as the price under a monopoly O Under Bertrand competition, the equilibrium price will be at the same level as the equilibrium price under perfect competition O The two firms will end up producing different levels of outputarrow_forward
- Consider a duopoly market with 2 firms. Aggregate demand in this market is given byt Q = 500 – P, where P is the price on the market. Q is total market output, i.e., Q = QA + QB, where QA is the output by Firm A and QB is the output by Firm B. For both firms, marginal cost is given by MC = 20, i=A,B. « Assume the firms compete a la Cournot. e a) Find the inverse demand in this market. Note that marginal revenue for both firms is given by MRA=500-2QA-QB, MRB=500-QA-2QB. b) Describe what a best-response curve is and how to find it. c) Derive the best-response function for each firm. d) What are the equilibrium quantities? e) What is the total quantity supplied on this market? f) What is the equilibrium price in this market?arrow_forward11 21. Imagine an N firm oligopoly for "nominally differentiated" goods. That is, each of the N firms produces a product that "looks" different from the products of its competitors, but that "really" isn't any different. However, each firm is able to fool some of the buying public. Specifically, each of the N firms (which are identical and have zero marginal cost of production) has a captive market -consumers who will buy only from that firm. The demand generated by each of these captive markets is given by the demand function Pn A- Xn , where Xn is the amount supplied to this captive market and Pn is the price of the production of firm n. There is also a group of intelligent consumers who realize that the products are really undifferentiated. These…arrow_forwardQUESTION 4 If Bertrand duopolists respectively have marginal costs of 10 (firm 1) and 8 (firm 2), which of the prices below can arise in Nash equilibrium? (Assume that prices must be quoted in full cents, e.g. $0.99 or $1, but $0.995 is not possible. If prices are equal, half of the customers buy from each firm.) O Both firms charge $8.01. Firm 1 charges $10 and firm 2 charges $8. Both firms charge $9. Firm 1 charges $10 and firm 2 charges $9.99.arrow_forward
- Suppose that an oligopolistic is charging $21 per unit of output and selling 31 units each day. What is its daily total revenue? Also suppose that previously it had lowered its price from $21 to $19, rivals matched the price cut, and the firm’s sales increased from 31 to 32 units. It also previously raised its price from $21 to $23, rivals ignored the price hike, and the firm’s daily total revenue came in at $482. Which of the following is most logical to conclude? The firm’s demand curve is (a) inelastic over the $21 to $23 price range, (b) elastic over the $19 to $21 price range, (c) a linear(straight) down sloping line, or (d) a curve with a kink in it?arrow_forwardCan you explain it simply and clearly, especially the formula? Productive and Allocative Efficiency of Monopolistic Competition Price = Minimum Average Total Cost Most of the monopolistic competitive firms cannot achieve productive efficiency since they sell a higher or bigger price than the minimum average cost, and it can actually cost a loss of money in their minimum ATC. In monopolistic competitive firms they can also use their excess capacity but they would only produce a quantity equal to their minimum ATC. Yet they Might not be able to sell that in the amount without lowering their prices. So it's either reducing their profits or incurring losses. In addition, monopolistic firms doesn't meet the allocative efficiency. They cannot achieve it because allocative efficiency requires that Price = Marginal Cost. The monopolistic firm shows a downward sloping demand curve which means to sell more unit they must lower the price of all the units. The firm maximize profits when…arrow_forwardGoJex and Grav are both considering whether to charge a low price or a high price to their customers. If both firms charge a low price, each firm will make a profit of $5 million. If GoJex charges a low price while Grav charges a high price, GoJex will make a profit of $25 million and Grav will only make a profit of $2 million. On the other hand, if GoJex do not charges a low price while Grav does, GoJex will make a profit of $2 million while Grav will make a profit of $25 million. Finally, if both firms charge a high price, each firm will make a profit of $15 million. a. Use the information above to construct a payoff matrix for GoJex and Grav and What is the dominant strategy for each firm? Explain. b. Based on your answer (point b) above, what is the Nash equilibrium for this game? Explain. c. What is the cooperative (collusion) outcome? Explainarrow_forward
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