Fundamentals of Physics, Volume 1, Chapter 1-20
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781118233764
Author: David Halliday
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 13, Problem 55P
In 1610, Galileo used his telescope to discover four moons around Jupiter, with these mean orbital radii a and periods T:
| Name | a(108 m) | T (days) |
| Io | 4.22 | 1.77 |
| Europa | 6.71 | 3.55 |
| Ganymede | 10.7 | 7.16 |
| Callisto | 18.8 | 16.7 |
(a) Plot log a (y axis) against log T(x axis) and show that you get a straight line. (b) Measure the slope of the line and compare it with the value that you expect from Kepler’s third law. (c) Find the mass of Jupiter from the intercept of this line with the y axis.
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Kepler's third law states that for any object in a gravitational orbit,
P2∝a3P2∝a3
where PP is the orbital period of the object and aa is the average distance between the object and what it is orbiting.
In our Solar System, the natural units are distances measured in astronomical units (A.U.) and orbital periods measured in years. This can be seen for the Earth-Sun system which has an orbital period P=1P=1 year and an average distance a=1a=1 AU. Using these natural units in the Solar System, the proportionality becomes an equality, so for our Solar System:
(Pyears)2=(aA.U.)3(Pyears)2=(aA.U.)3 .
Using your mathematical prowess, determine what the orbital period in years would be for an asteroid that was discovered orbiting the Sun with an average distance of 25 astronomical units.
Kepler's third law states that the relationship between the mean distance d (in astronomical units) of a planet from the Sun and the time t (in years) it takes the planet to orbit the Sun can be given by d^3 = t^2. (A). It takes Venus 0.616 years to orbit the Sun. Find the mean distance of Venus from the Sun (in astronomical units). (B). The mean distance of Jupiter from the Sun is 5.24 astronomical units. How many years does it take Jupiter to orbit the Sun?
Kepler's Third Law of planetary motion states that the square of the period T of a planet (the time it takes for the planet to make a complete revolution about the sun) is directly proportional to the cube of its average distance d from the sun.
(a) Express Kepler's Third Law as an equation. (Use k for the constant of proportionality.)
(c) The planet Neptune is about 2.79 × 109 mi from the sun. Find the period of Neptune. (Round your answer to the nearest whole number of years.)
Chapter 13 Solutions
Fundamentals of Physics, Volume 1, Chapter 1-20
Ch. 13 - In Fig. 13-21, a central particle of mass M is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2QCh. 13 - In Fig. 13-23, a central particle is surrounded by...Ch. 13 - In Fig. 13-24, two particles, of masses m and 2m,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5QCh. 13 - In Fig. 13-26, three particles are fixed in place....Ch. 13 - Rank the four systems of equal- mass particles...Ch. 13 - Figure 13-27 gives the gravitational acceleration...Ch. 13 - Figure 13-28 shows three particles initially fixed...Ch. 13 - Figure 13-29 shows six paths by which a rocket...
Ch. 13 - Figure 13-30 shows three uniform spherical planets...Ch. 13 - In Fig. 13-31, a particle of mass m which is not...Ch. 13 - ILW A mass M is split into two parts, m and M m,...Ch. 13 - Moon effect. Some people believe that the Moon...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3PCh. 13 - The Sun and Earth each exert a gravitational force...Ch. 13 - Miniature black holes. Left over from the big-bang...Ch. 13 - GO In Fig. 13-32, a square of edge length 20.0 cm...Ch. 13 - One dimension. In Fig. 13-33, two point particles...Ch. 13 - In Fig. 13-34, three 5.00 kg spheres are located...Ch. 13 - SSM WWW We want to position a space probe along a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10PCh. 13 - As seen in Fig. 13-36, two spheres of mass m and a...Ch. 13 - GO In Fig. 13-37a, particle A is fixed in place at...Ch. 13 - Figure 13-38 shows a spherical hollow inside a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 14PCh. 13 - GO Three dimensions. Three point particles are...Ch. 13 - GO In Fig. 13-40, a particle of mass m1 = 0.67 kg...Ch. 13 - a What will an object weigh on the Moons surface...Ch. 13 - Mountain pull. A large mountain can slightly...Ch. 13 - SSM At what altitude above Earths surface would...Ch. 13 - Mile-high building. In 1956, Frank Lloyd Wright...Ch. 13 - ILW Certain neutron stars extremely dense stars...Ch. 13 - Prob. 22PCh. 13 - Prob. 23PCh. 13 - Two concentric spherical shells with uniformly...Ch. 13 - A solid sphere has a uniformly distributed mass of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 26PCh. 13 - Figure 13-42 shows, not to scale, a cross section...Ch. 13 - Prob. 28PCh. 13 - Prob. 29PCh. 13 - In Problem 1, what ratio m/M gives the least...Ch. 13 - SSM The mean diameters of Mars and Earth are 6.9 ...Ch. 13 - a What is the gravitational potential energy of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 33PCh. 13 - Prob. 34PCh. 13 - GO Figure 13-44 shows four particles, each of mass...Ch. 13 - Zero, a hypothetical planet, has a mass of 5.0 ...Ch. 13 - GO The three spheres in Fig, 13-45, with masses mA...Ch. 13 - In deep space, sphere A of mass 20 kg is located...Ch. 13 - Prob. 39PCh. 13 - A projectile is shot directly away from Earths...Ch. 13 - SSM Two neutron stars arc separated by a distance...Ch. 13 - GO Figure 13-46a shows a particle A that can he...Ch. 13 - a What linear speed must an Earth satellite have...Ch. 13 - Prob. 44PCh. 13 - The Martian satellite Photos travels in an...Ch. 13 - The first known collision between space debris and...Ch. 13 - Prob. 47PCh. 13 - The mean distance of Mars from the Sun is 1.52...Ch. 13 - Prob. 49PCh. 13 - Prob. 50PCh. 13 - Prob. 51PCh. 13 - The Suns center is at one focus of Earths orbit....Ch. 13 - A 20 kg satellite has a circular orbit with a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 54PCh. 13 - In 1610, Galileo used his telescope to discover...Ch. 13 - In 1993 the spacecraft Galileo sent an image Fig....Ch. 13 - Prob. 57PCh. 13 - Prob. 58PCh. 13 - Three identical stars of mass M form an...Ch. 13 - In Fig. 13-50, two satellites, A and B, both of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 61PCh. 13 - Prob. 62PCh. 13 - SSM WWW An asteroid, whose mass is 2.0 10-4 times...Ch. 13 - A satellite orbits a planet of unknown mass in a...Ch. 13 - A Satellite is in a circular Earth orbit of radius...Ch. 13 - One way to attack a satellite in Earth orbit is to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 67PCh. 13 - GO Two small spaceships, each with mass m = 2000...Ch. 13 - Prob. 69PCh. 13 - Prob. 70PCh. 13 - Several planets Jupiter. Saturn, Uranus are...Ch. 13 - Prob. 72PCh. 13 - Figure 13-53 is a graph of the kinetic energy K of...Ch. 13 - The mysterious visitor that appears in the...Ch. 13 - ILW The masses and coordinates of three spheres...Ch. 13 - SSM A very early, simple satellite consisted of an...Ch. 13 - GO Four uniform spheres, with masses mA = 40 kg,...Ch. 13 - a In Problem 77, remove sphere A and calculate the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 79PCh. 13 - Prob. 80PCh. 13 - Prob. 81PCh. 13 - Prob. 82PCh. 13 - Prob. 83PCh. 13 - Prob. 84PCh. 13 - Prob. 85PCh. 13 - Prob. 86PCh. 13 - Prob. 87PCh. 13 - Prob. 88PCh. 13 - Prob. 89PCh. 13 - A 50 kg satellite circles planet Cruton every 6.0...Ch. 13 - Prob. 91PCh. 13 - A 150.0 kg rocket moving radially outward from...Ch. 13 - Prob. 93PCh. 13 - Two 20 kg spheres are fixed in place on a y axis,...Ch. 13 - Sphere A with mass 80 kg is located at the origin...Ch. 13 - In his 1865 science fiction novel From the Earth...Ch. 13 - Prob. 97PCh. 13 - Prob. 98PCh. 13 - A thin rod with mass M = 5.00 kg is bent in a...Ch. 13 - In Fig. 13-57, identical blocks with identical...Ch. 13 - A spaceship is on a straight-line path between...
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