Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780135214114
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Maier
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Chapter 13, Problem 5LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Two major mechanisms which govern the evolution are genetic drift and natural selection. Natural selection can be defined as the process by which genetic characters increase the chances of survival and reproduction of an organism.
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Natural selection acts upon ____________________________, evolution upon _______________________________.
What is the gene pool and how does natural selection act upon it?
If a version of a gene confers an advantage to survival and reproduction, that version of the gene will be favored by natural selection and we can expect the frequency of that gene to ______________________ within the population over time.
Versions of the gene that do not confer an advantage (or confer a disadvantage) should become _______________ prevalent .
This generation to generation change in the gene pool is called ________________________.
Changes to the genetic makeup of a population and the individuals within it can arise via two mechanisms. List and describe both. Both of these processes are ________________________________.
Once created, new combinations of genes will be acted upon by _________new alleles_______________________.
How is Darwinian “fitness” different than the typical definition used in…
Which of the following statements explains genetic variation? Genetic variation arises ____.
When organisms need to change to survive in a new environment.
From environmental changes that affect organisms.
Through mutation and sexual reproduction.
From traits acquired during the lifetime of an organism.
Asian tiger mosquito
Trace its origin and evolutionary history or changes in the species. Describe its structures and their functions.
What is the importance of this species to our environment?
Give trivia about this species.
Does this organism produce oxygen? Explain.
What are the ancestral species of your chosen organism?
Has this species been genetically engineered? If yes, in what way?
How does this species reproduce?
What organisms have similar structures to this species? Do these structures have the same function?
Does the species have tissues, organs, and/or organ systems?
What is its role in the flow of energy?
Give at 15 least a sentence to each question.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 13 - Define biological species.Ch. 13 - Prob. 2LTBCh. 13 - Prob. 3LTBCh. 13 - Prob. 4LTBCh. 13 - Prob. 5LTBCh. 13 - Prob. 6LTBCh. 13 - The biological definition of race corresponds to...Ch. 13 - All of the following statements support the...Ch. 13 - Similarity in skin color among different human...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10LTB
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- Charles Darwin’s claim, that the species level of classification is just as arbitrary as that of any other taxonomic level, is supported by all of the following observational failures except: the inability of a sexually-reproducing eukaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of a cloning species lacking biparental reproduction to interbreed with a different species the inability of an asexual eukaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of an extinct species (like a dinosaur) to interbreed with a different species the inability of a prokaryotic species to interbreed with a different species.arrow_forwardCharles Darwin’s claim, that the species level of classification is just as arbitrary as that of any other taxonomic level, is supported by all of the following observational failures except: the inability of a cloning species lacking biparental reproduction to interbreed with a different species the inability of an asexual eukaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of a sexually-reproducing eukaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of a prokaryotic species to interbreed with a different species the inability of an extinct species (like a dinosaur) to interbreed with a different speciesarrow_forwardThe theory of evolution is most accurately described as... Just an opinion that some scientists hold about how living things change over time. An educated guess about how species originate. An idea about how acquired characteristics are passed on to subsequent generations. One possible explanation, among several scientific alternatives, about how species have come into existence. An overarching explanation, supported by much evidence, for how populations change over time.arrow_forward
- Write short paragraphs explaining each of the following statements:(a) Natural selection chooses from among the individuals in a populationthose most suited to current environmental conditions. It does not guarantee survival under future conditions.(b) Individuals do not evolve, but populations do.(c) The organisms that exist today do so because their ancestors had traits that allowed them and their offspring to thrive.(d) At the molecular level, evolution can take place by the replacement of one nucleotide by another.(e) Evolution is said to have occurred within a population when measurable genetic changes are detected.arrow_forwardFind two examples in the media (internet, TV, etc.) of someone (organization, etc.) erroneously portraying Darwinian evolution using a Lamarckian approach. For both, provide the following: Its origin How are they misrepresenting Darwinian evolution? How do you know they're talking about Lamarckian evolution, not Darwinian?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT one of the four factors that contributes to evolution by producing and redistributing genetic variation (or contributes to microevolution as calculated by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)? Group of answer choices Acclimatization Gene flow Genetic drift Recombination Mutationarrow_forward
- . The Process of Evolution by Natural Selection – Be able to explain the process of evolution by natural selection as it applies to a specific living thing using the outline below: Natural variations caused by random mutations (adaptations) in DNA exist within populations. Those with helpful adaptations survive an environmental change (maybe a predator.) The survivors breed, passing on the inherited mutation (adaptation) to offspring. The resulting population has more of the successful inherited mutation (adaptation) than the original population. Phylogenetic Trees Infer evolutionary relationships of living things by interpreting phylogenetic trees. Know the divisions of hierarchical classification. (DKPCOFGS) c. Differentiate between homologous and analogous (caused by convergent evolution) structuresarrow_forwardONE OF THE STATEMENTS OF EVOLUTION THEORY OF CH. DARVIN IS Select one: adaptations of organisms have relative nature all species are adapted to different conditions of existence adaptations of organisms have absolute nature all species originated by means artificial selectionarrow_forwardA species is a group of individual organisms that interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring. According to this definition, one species is distinguished from another when, in nature, it is not possible for matings between individuals from each species to produce fertile offspring. Evolution is an important mechanism in the formation of new species. The evolution of a new species requires several components including all, BUT A) Evolution of a new species requires a long time. B) Evolution of a new species requires the need for a genetic change. C) Evolution of a new species requires a separation that prevents interbreeding. D) Evolution of a new species requires mutations that produce new genetic traits. not graded use photoarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the history of evolutionary biology is correct? -The Modern Synthesis (or Evolutionary Synthesis) is a period of time in the early 20th century when the Mendelian genetics was integrated into the evolutionary biology. -There are two main parts in the book On the Origin of Species, published by Darwin in 1859: the first is that biological evolution does occur and species arise through descent from common ancestor, with modification, and the second is that natural selection is the main driving force for the process. -The most original contribution by Darwin is the theory of evolution by natural selection. -Modern radiometric dating has pretty much settled the question on the age of the earth. The conclusion is that the earth is old enough for the evolutionary process proposed by Darwin to have taken place. -All of the abovearrow_forwardFossils of an extinct giant sloth were found to be similar to a smaller species of sloth presently inhabiting the same region. This similarity could be best explained on the basis of which of the following? * Modern forms have evolved from earlier forms Independent assortment no answer Principle of use and disuse Inheritance of acquired traits Which of the following organisms is most closely related to each other? * MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CODES Organism DNA Codes American black bear ATT GGA GCA GÁC TIA Giant panda ATT GGC AСТ ААТ СТА Red panda АTT GGA AСТ ААС СТ Raccoon АТC GGA TсТ ААС СТ American black bear and giant panda Red panda and raccoon no answer Giant panda and red panda O Raccoon and American black beararrow_forwardOrigins of Modern Humans Current data suggest that modern humans evolved from archaic humans primarily in East Africa. A 195,000 year old fossil from the Omo 1 site in Ethiopia shows the beginnings of the skull changes that we associate with modern people, including a rounded skull case and possibly a projecting chin. A 160,000 year old skull from the Herto site in the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia also seems to be at the early stages of this transition. It had the rounded skull case but retained the large brow ridges of archaic humans. Somewhat more advanced transitional forms have been found at Laetoli in Tanzania dating to about 120,000 years ago. By 115,000 years ago, early modern humans had expanded their range to South Africa and into Southwest Asia (Israel) shortly after 100,000 years ago. There is no reliable evidence of modern humans elsewhere in the Old World until 60,000-40,000 years ago, during a short temperate period in the midst of the last ice age.arrow_forward
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