Chapter 13, Problem 77E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis diagrams for ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$, ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{-}$ and ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3}-}$ are to be compared. The two things that are alike about Lewis diagram for ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$, ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{-}$ and ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3}-}$, are to be identified. The Lewis diagrams of ${\text{SeO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$ and ${\text{CI}}_{\text{4}}$ are to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The Lewis structure shows the connectivity between atoms by identifying the lone pairs of electrons in a compound. Lewis structures are also known as Lewis dot structures. The valence electrons around an atom are shown by dots. Bonds between atoms are shown by lines and the lone pair of electrons is shown by a pair of dots.

Answer to Problem 77E

The Lewis diagrams for ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$, ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{-}$ and ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3}-}$ are shown below.

The number of valence electrons present in ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$, ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{-}$ and ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3}-}$ are same and number of atoms attached to central metal atom are also same. Therefore they all have tetrahedral shape.

The Lewis diagrams for ${\text{SeO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$ and ${\text{CI}}_{\text{4}}$ are shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The number of valence electrons present in ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$, ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{-}$ and ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3}-}$ are $32e^{-}$. The distribution of valence electrons is in the form of bond pairs and lone pairs.

The Lewis diagrams for ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$, ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{-}$ and ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3}-}$ are shown below.

Figure 1

The two things that are alike about Lewis diagram for ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$, ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{-}$ and ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3}-}$, are shown below.

• The number of valence electrons present in all species (${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$, ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{-}$ and ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3}-}$) involving ${\text{SeO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$ and ${\text{CI}}_{\text{4}}$ are same $\left(32e^{-}\right)$.

• The number of atoms attached to central metal atom in all species (${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$, ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{-}$ and ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3}-}$) involving ${\text{SeO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$ and ${\text{CI}}_{\text{4}}$ are same that is four atoms. Therefore, the shape of all species is tetrahedral.

The Lewis diagrams for ${\text{SeO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$ and ${\text{CI}}_{\text{4}}$ are shown below.

Figure 2

Conclusion

The Lewis diagrams for ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$, ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{-}$ and ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3}-}$ are shown in Figure 1.

The number of valence electrons present in ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$, ${\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{-}$ and ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{3}-}$ are same and number of atoms attached to central metal atom are also same. Therefore they all have tetrahedral shape.

The Lewis diagrams for ${\text{SeO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}$ and ${\text{CI}}_{\text{4}}$ are shown in Figure 2.