Introduction:
The spinal nerves are important because the spinal cord sends and receives signals from the body through the spinal nerves. The spinal nerve is composed of large number of nerve fibers or axons and resembles a cord-like appearance. The nervous tissue of the spinal cord is composed of organized cells that involve in the body movements and send the signals to different body parts. The spinal cord tracts are stimulatory nerve pathways that pass the information through action potentials. The spinal tracts are important to diagnose and manage the spinal cord damages or injuries.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
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- Julio D., who had recently retired, was enjoying an afternoon of playing golf when suddenly he experienced a severe headache and dizziness. These symptoms were quickly followed by numbness and partial paralysis on the tipper right side of his body, accompanied by an inability to speak. After being rushed to the emergency room, Julio was diagnosed as having suffered a stroke. Given the observed neurological impairment, what areas of his brain were affected?arrow_forwardIdentify the location of the cell bodies of third order neurons of the Doral column medial lemniscus pathway? Ventral horn Dorsal root ganglia Dorsal horn Thalamus Medullaarrow_forwardContrast the anatomy and functions of the lateral and medial corticospinal tracts.arrow_forward
- Two major somatosensory ascending pathways in the spinal cord, for touch and proprioception and pain and temperature, respectively, as discussed in class, are: gracile fasciculus; cuneate fasciculus dorsal column medial lemniscal system; anterolateral system posterior spinocerebellar tract; anterior spinocerebellar tract lateral corticospinal tract; anterior corticospinal tractarrow_forwardDescribe the functional problems that would be experienced by a person in which these fiber tracts have been cut: (a) lateral spinothalamic, (b) ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar, (c) tectospinal.arrow_forwardThe primary motor area receives inputs arising from all the followingcenters, except :-a- basal gangliab- cerebellumc- hypothalamusd- thalamusarrow_forward
- The cranial motor nuclei which receive innervation only from the contralateral corticobulbar tract are :-a- nuclei of the trigeminal and vagus nervesb- nuclei of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nervesc- nuclei of the facial and hypoglossal nervesd- nuclei of the facial and glossopharyngeal nervesarrow_forwardsomatic motor fibers preganglionic visceral motor fibers postganglionic visceral motor fibers visceral somatic sensory fibers sensory fibers Dorsal root Dorsal ramus Dorsal ramus- Dorsal root ganglion Dorsal root Start Ventral ramus Ventral ramus Dorsal root ganglion Rami communicantes Rami communicantes Ventral Sympathetic ganglion root White ramus communicans Start Sympathetic Gray ramus communicans nerve Sympathetic nervearrow_forwardExplain the physiology of ascending pathways by placing each word or phrase into the blanks to complete the sentences. posterior horn tactile corpuscles spinoreticular tract primary somatosensory anterior horn spinothalamic tract contralateral ipsilateral prior to decussation A feather is rubbed over a section of skin on the palm of the hand, eliciting an action potential that was generated from neurons associated with Action potentials traveling in the posterior root reach the synapse with second order neurons located in the of the spinal cord. The transfer of electrical signals between first and second order neurons occurs Second order neurons ascend the spinal cord in the Arriving on the transferred to third order neurons. side of the thalamus, action potentials are Third order neurons arrive in the comprehension occurs. Reset cortex, where consciousarrow_forward
- What anatomical landmark of the cerebral cortex separates primary motor areas from somatosensory areas?arrow_forwardHigher motor commands originate in all the following centers, except :-a- cerebral cortexb- thalamusc- caudate nucleusd- cerebellumarrow_forwardSin Young incorrectly classified proprioception as general somatic motor because it refers to the innervation of muscles. Actually, proprioception is general somatic sensory. Explain why.arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
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