Concept explainers
Consider the following six beakers. All have 100 mL of aqueous 0.1 M solutions of the following compounds:
beaker A has HI
beaker B has HNO2
beaker C has NaOH
beaker D has Ba(OH)2
beaker E has NH4Cl
beaker F has C2H5NH2
Answer the questions below, using LT (for is less than), GT (for is greater than), EQ (for is equal to), or MI (for more Information required).
(a) The pH in beaker A the pH in beaker B.
(b) The pH in beaker C the pH in beaker D.
(c) The % ionization in beaker A the % ionization in beaker C.
(d) The pH in beaker B the pH in beaker E.
(e) The pH in beaker E the pH in beaker F.
(f) The pH in beaker C the pH in beaker F.
(a)
Interpretation:
The pH in beaker A and beaker B needs to be compared.
Concept introduction:
The dissociation reaction of a weak acid is represented as follows:
The expression for the acid dissociation constant will be as follows:
Here,
The pH of the solution can be calculated as follows:
Here,
Answer to Problem 98QAP
The pH in beaker A is less than (LT) the pH in B.
Explanation of Solution
According to the question, there are 6 beakers from beaker A to E.
The aqueous solutions in beakers are as follows:
Beaker A: 0.1 M, 100 mL HI which is a strong acid.
Beaker B: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker C: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker D: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker E: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker F: 0.1 M, 100 mL
In beaker A, HI is a strong acid thus, the value of pH is less than the pH in beaker B which contains a weak acid
Therefore, the pH in beaker A is less than the pH in B.
(b)
Interpretation:
The pH in beaker C and beaker D needs to be compared.
Concept introduction:
The dissociation reaction of a weak acid is represented as follows:
The expression for the acid dissociation constant will be as follows:
Here,
The pH of the solution can be calculated as follows:
Here,
Answer to Problem 98QAP
The value of pH in beaker C is less than (LT) the pH in beaker D
Explanation of Solution
According to the question, there are 6 beakers from beaker A to E.
The aqueous solutions in beakers are as follows:
Beaker A: 0.1 M, 100 mL HI which is a strong acid.
Beaker B: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker C: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker D: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker E: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker F: 0.1 M, 100 mL
The beaker C and D both contains strong base. The beaker C contains
Thus, the concentration of hydroxide ion in beaker D will be twice the concentration of hydroxide ion in beaker C.
If concentration of hydroxide ion increases, the value of pOH decreases and that of pH increases. Thus, the value of pH in beaker C is less than the pH in beaker D.
(c)
Interpretation:
The percent ionization in beaker A and beaker C needs to be compared.
Concept introduction:
The dissociation reaction of a weak acid is represented as follows:
The expression for the acid dissociation constant will be as follows:
Here,
The pH of the solution can be calculated as follows:
Here,
Answer to Problem 98QAP
The ionization percent of HF will be equal to (EQ) that of NaOH.
Explanation of Solution
According to the question, there are 6 beakers from beaker A to E.
The aqueous solutions in beakers are as follows:
Beaker A: 0.1 M, 100 mL HI which is a strong acid.
Beaker B: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker C: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker D: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker E: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker F: 0.1 M, 100 mL
The percent ionization of a strong acid/base is more than a weak acid/base. Beaker A contains HF and beaker C contains NaOH.
Both HF and NaOH are strong and completely dissociates into their respective ions.
Therefore, ionization percent of HF will be equal to that of NaOH.
(d)
Interpretation:
The pH in beaker B and beaker E needs to be compared.
Concept introduction:
The dissociation reaction of a weak acid is represented as follows:
The expression for the acid dissociation constant will be as follows:
Here,
The pH of the solution can be calculated as follows:
Here,
Answer to Problem 98QAP
The value of pH will be less than 7 but the exact value cannot be calculated as it required more information. (MI)
Explanation of Solution
According to the question, there are 6 beakers from beaker A to E.
The aqueous solutions in beakers are as follows:
Beaker A: 0.1 M, 100 mL HI which is a strong acid.
Beaker B: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker C: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker D: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker E: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker F: 0.1 M, 100 mL
The beaker B contains weak acid
Here,
The salt is formed from HCl and
(e)
Interpretation:
The pH in beaker E and beaker F needs to be compared.
Concept introduction:
The dissociation reaction of a weak acid is represented as follows:
The expression for the acid dissociation constant will be as follows:
Here,
The pH of the solution can be calculated as follows:
Here,
Answer to Problem 98QAP
The value of pH in beaker E is less than (LT) beaker F.
Explanation of Solution
According to the question, there are 6 beakers from beaker A to E.
The aqueous solutions in beakers are as follows:
Beaker A: 0.1 M, 100 mL HI which is a strong acid.
Beaker B: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker C: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker D: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker E: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker F: 0.1 M, 100 mL
The beaker E contains
The Beaker F contains
Therefore, the value of pH in beaker E is less than beaker F.
(f)
Interpretation:
The pH in beaker C and beaker F needs to be compared.
Concept introduction:
The dissociation reaction of a weak acid is represented as follows:
The expression for the acid dissociation constant will be as follows:
Here,
The pH of the solution can be calculated as follows:
Here,
Answer to Problem 98QAP
The value of pH in beaker C is greater than (GT) pH in beaker F.
Explanation of Solution
According to the question, there are 6 beakers from beaker A to E.
The aqueous solutions in beakers are as follows:
Beaker A: 0.1 M, 100 mL HI which is a strong acid.
Beaker B: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker C: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker D: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker E: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker F: 0.1 M, 100 mL
Beaker C contains a strong acid the pH will be highly greater than 7 and beaker F contains a weak base the value of pH will be greater than 7 but less than the value in beaker C.
Therefore, the value of pH in beaker C is greater than pH in beaker F.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Owlv2, 4 Terms (24 Months) Printed Access Card For Masterton/hurley's Chemistry: Principles And Reactions, 8th
- A weak acid, HA, is dissolved in water. Which one of the following beakers represents the resulting solution? (Water molecules have been omitted for clarity.)arrow_forwardThe following four diagrams represent aqueous solutions of four different acids with the general formula HA. Which of the four acids is the strongest acid?arrow_forwardFour different substances of the generalized formula HA were dissolved in water, with the results shown in the diagrams. Which of the diagrams represents the substance that is the strongest electrolyte?arrow_forward
- . Choose the answer that best completes the following statement and defend your answer. When 100.0 mL of water is added to 100.0 mI of 1.00 M HCI. a. the pH decreases because the solution is diluted. b. the pH does not change because water is neutral. c. the pH is doubled because the volume is now doubled. d the pH increases because the concentration of H decreases e. the solution is completely neutralized.arrow_forwardFor oxyacids, how does acid strength depend on a. the strength of the bond to the acidic hydrogen atom? b. the electronegativity of the element bonded to the oxygen atom that bears the acidic hydrogen? c. the number of oxygen atoms? How does the strength of a conjugate base depend on these factors? What type of solution forms when a nonmetal oxide dissolves in water? Give an example of such an oxide. What type of solution forms when a metal oxide dissolves in water? Give an example of such an oxide.arrow_forwardA solution is tested for pH and conductivity as pictured below: The solution contains one of the following substances: HCl. NaOH, NH4Cl. HCN, NH3, HF, or NaCN. If the solute concentration is about 1.0 M, what is the identity of the solute?arrow_forward
- A shampoo solution at 25C has a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1.5 109 M. Is the solution acidic, neutral, or basic?arrow_forwardCalculate the concentration of all solute species in each of the following solutions of acids or bases. Assume that the ionization of water can be neglected, and show that the change in the initial concentrations can be neglected, Ionization constants can be found in Appendix H and Appendix I. (a) 0.0092 M HCIO, a weak acid. (b) 0.0784 M C6H5NH2, a weak base. (c) 0.0810 M HCN, a weak acid. (d) 0.11 M (CH3)3N, a weak base. (e) 0.120 M Fe(H2O)62+ a weak acid, Ka=1.6107arrow_forwardThe active ingredient formed by aspirin in the body is salicylic acid, C6H4OH(CO2H). The carboxyl group. (-CO2H) acts as a weak acid. The phenol group (an OH group bonded to an aromatic ring) also acts as an acid but a much weaker acid. List, in order of descending concentration, all of the ionic and molecular species present in a 0.001-M aqueous solution of C6H4OH(CO2H).arrow_forward
- Two students were asked to determine the Kb of an unknown base. They were given a bottle with a solution in it. The bottle was labeled aqueous solution of a monoprotic strong acid. They were also given a pH meter, a buret, and an appropriate indicator. They reported the following data: volume of acid required for neutralization = 21.0 mL pH after 7.00 mL of strong acid added = 8.95 Use the students' data to determme the Kb of the unknown base.arrow_forwardClassify each of the following compounds as a strong electrolyte or a weak electrolyte. a. H3PO4 b. HNO3 c. KNO3 d. NaOHarrow_forwardUse the same symbols as in Question 61 ( = anion, =OH) for the box below. (a) Fill in a similar box (representing one liter of the same solution) after 2 mol of H+ (2) have been added. Indicate whether the resulting solution is an acid, base, or buffer. (b) Follow the directions of part (a) for the resulting solution after 2 mol of OH- (2 ) have been added. (c) Follow the directions of part (a) for the resulting solution after 5 mol of OH- (5 ) have been added. (Hint: Write the equation for the reaction before you draw the results.)arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning