Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781323670637
Author: Urry, Cain
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13.1, Problem 3CC
WHATIF? → A horticulturalist breeds orchids, trying to obtain a plant with a unique combination of desirable traits. After many years, she finally succeeds. To produce more plants llke this one, should she crosibreed it with another plant or clone it? Why?
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. In a particular kind of ornamental flower, the wildtype flower color is deep purple, and the plants aretrue-breeding. In one true-breeding mutant stock, theflowers have a reduced pigmentation, resulting in alavender color. In a different true-breeding mutantstock, the flowers have no pigmentation and are thuswhite. When a lavender-flowered plant from the firstmutant stock was crossed to a white-flowered plantfrom the second mutant stock, all the F1 plants hadpurple flowers. The F1 plants were then allowed toself-fertilize to produce an F2 generation. The 277 F2plants were 157 purple : 71 white : 49 lavender. a. Explain how flower color is inherited. Is this traitcontrolled by the alleles of a single gene?b. What kinds of progeny would be produced if lavender F2 plants were allowed to self-fertilize?
Why is it so expensive to produce a hybrid plant seed?
. An allotetraploid species has a genome composed oftwo ancestral genomes, A and B, each of which havea basic chromosome number (x) of seven. In thisspecies, the two copies of each chromosome of eachancestral genome pair only with each other duringmeiosis. Resistance to a pathogen that attacks the foliage of the plant is controlled by a dominant allele atthe F locus. The recessive alleles Faand Fbconfersensitivity to the pathogen, but the dominant resistancealleles present in the two genomes have slightly different effects. Plants with at least one FAallele areresistant to races 1 and 2 of the pathogen regardlessof the genotype in the B genome, and plants with atleast one FBallele are resistant to races 1 and 3 of thepathogen regardless of the genotype in the A genome.What proportion of the self-progeny of an FA Fa FB Fbplant will be resistant to all three races of the pathogen?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
Ch. 13.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Using what you know of gene...Ch. 13.1 - How does an asexually reproducing eukaryotic...Ch. 13.1 - WHATIF? A horticulturalist breeds orchids, trying...Ch. 13.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Figure 13.4. how many DNA...Ch. 13.2 - VISUAL SKILLS In The karyotype shown in Figuro...Ch. 13.2 - WHAT IF? A certain eukaryote lives as a...Ch. 13.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Comparc tho chromosomes in a...Ch. 13.3 - WHAT IF? After the synaptonemal complex...Ch. 13.4 - What is the original source of Variation among the...Ch. 13.4 - The diploid number for fruit flies is 8, and the...
Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 13 - Explain why human offifuing resemble their parents...Ch. 13 - Compare the life cycles of animals and plants,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.3CRCh. 13 - Prob. 13.4CRCh. 13 - A human cell containing 22 autosomes.and a Y...Ch. 13 - The two homologs of a pair move toward opposite...Ch. 13 - Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that (A)...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 13 - If we continue to follow the cell lineage from...Ch. 13 - DRAW IT The diagram shows a cell in meiosis. (a)...Ch. 13 - Explain how you can tell that the cell in question...Ch. 13 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Many species can reproduce...Ch. 13 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY The diagram in quest ion 6...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 13 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE For selected answers,...
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- What is mutation? Explain the significance of mutation in plant breeding. Give an example of a disease resistant variety of cultivated plant induced by mutation.arrow_forward. In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, a geneticist is interested in the development of trichomes (small projections). A large screen turns up two mutant plants (A and B) that have no trichomes, and these mutants seem to be potentially useful in studying trichome development. (If they were determined by single-gene mutations, then finding the normal and abnormal functions of these genes would be instructive.) Each plant is crossed with wild type; in both cases, the next generation (F1) had normal trichomes. When F1 plants were selfed, the resulting F2’s were as follows: F2 from mutant A: 602 normal; 198 no trichomes F2 from mutant B: 267 normal; 93 no trichomesa. What do these results show? Include proposed genotypes of all plants in your answer. b. Under your explanation to part a, is it possible to confidently predict the F1 from crossing the original mutant A with the original mutant B?arrow_forwardHow has the wild version of a avocado plant been modified for human consumption ? what parts of the plants have been modified from the wild version, and how---selective breeding, genetic modification? Explain.arrow_forward
- . Explain how mixtures of different cpDNAs in the sameorganism account for variegation in plants.arrow_forwardIn the early 1990s, Carolyn Napoli and her colleagues were working on petunias, attempting to genetically engineer a variety with dark purple petals by introducing numerous copies of a gene that encodes purple pigment in the flower petals . Their thinking was that extra copies of the gene would cause more purple pigment to be produced and would result in a petunia with an even darker hue of purple. However, much to their surprise, many of the plants carrying extra copies of the purple gene were completely white or had only patches of color. Molecular analysis revealed that the amount of mRNA produced by the purple gene was reduced 50-fold in the engineered plants compared with wild-type plants. Somehow, the introduction of extra copies of the purple gene silenced both the introduced copies and the plant’s own purple genes. Provide a possible explanation for how the introduction of numerous copies of the purple gene silenced all copies of the purple gene.arrow_forwardBefore, plant breeding was done by crossing the genes of two plants with desirable characteristics. This technique has been successful in producing improved varieties of crop plants, but it is time consuming and complicated. Because of genetic engineering, these problems can now be avoided. Plants are inserted with "super" genes to exhibit improved or better traits compared to their ordinary counterparts. These plants are therefore called transgenic plants. Plant Improved Quality or Characteristic 1. Rice Resistant to pests, drought, and insecticides 2. Grape 3. Рарaya 4. Corn 5. Orchid 6. Mangoarrow_forward
- the photos below show flowers from two Arabidopsisplants. The plant on the left is wild-type (unmutated); theother carries a mutation that causes its flowers to havesepals and petals instead of stamens and carpels. Themutation inactivated one of the plant's ABC floral identity genes. Refer to Figure 10.8 and decide which gene(A, B, or C) has been inactivatedarrow_forward3a)“Somatic hybridisation is preferable to genetic engineering and somaticvariation to improve a specific trait of a plant.” Comment this statement based on the principles of these approaches in improving the plants.arrow_forward. The two loci P and Bz are normally 36 m.u. apart on thesame arm of a certain plant chromosome. A paracentricinversion spans about one-fourth of this region butdoes not include either of the loci. What approximaterecombinant frequency between P and Bz would youpredict in plants that area. heterozygous for the paracentric inversion?b. homozygous for the paracentric inversion?arrow_forward
- When working on barley plants, two researchers independently identify a short-plant mutation and develop homozygous recessive lines of short plants. Careful measurements of the height of mutant short plants versus normal tall plants indicate that the two mutant lines have the same height. How would you determine if these two mutant lines carry mutation of the same gene or of different genes?arrow_forwardYou join a project where the team is working on mapping three genes of a plant-like organism. The group is interested in three traits: flower color (red or purple; encoded by gene Color [C]), leaf texture (smooth or hairy; encoded by gene Texture [T]), and petal veins (present or absent; encoded by gene Vein [V]). One of the extraterrestrial geneticists (Dr. Jerry) hypothesizes that the genes for these traits are each on separate chromosomes that sort independently. You hypothesize that the genes for these traits are completely linked on the same chromosome and that they are all inherited together. 1.You cross 100 plants that are true-breeding for red flowers, hairy leaves, and petal veins (P1) with 100 plants that are true-breeding for purple flowers, smooth leaves, and no petal veins (P2). 500 plants of the F1 generation all have red flowers, hairy leaves, and petal veins. What does this tell you about the linkage between these genes? P1 P2 Purple Petals Smooth Leaves Veins Absent…arrow_forwardPlant breeders have long appreciated the phenomenon called hybrid vigor or heterosis, in which hybrids formed between two inbred strains have increased vigor and crop yield relative to the two parental strains. Starting in the 1930s, seed companies exploited the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) phenomenon in corn that was described in Problem 17 so that they could cheaply produce hybrid corn seed to sell to farmers. This type of CMS is caused by mutant mitochondrial genomes that prevent pollen formation. a. How would CMS aid seed companies in producing hybrid corn seed? Dominant Rf alleles of a nuclear gene called Restorer suppress the CMS phenotype, so that Rf- containing plants with mutant mitochondrial genomes are male fertile.arrow_forward
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