Chapter 13.11, Problem 14P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The classification of substituents $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl}$, $-{\text{CHCl}}_{\text{2}}$, and $-{\text{CCl}}_{\text{3}}$ by considering the effect on given rate and the regioselectivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution of the given three compounds are to be classified and explained.

Concept Introduction:

Electron withdrawing substituents or deactivating groups decrease the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) relative to benzene. They direct the incoming group toward meta (3-) position.

Electron donating substituents or activating groups increase the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) relative to benzene. They direct the incoming group toward ortho (2-) and para (4-) positions.