Even when shut down after a period of normal use, a large commercial nuclear reactor transfers thermal energy at the rate of 150 MW by the radioactive decay of fission products. This heat transfer causes a rapid increase in temperature it the cooling system fails (1 watt 2 1 joule/second or 1 W = 1 J / s and 1 MW = 1 megawatt ). (a) Calculate the rate of temperature increase in degrees Celsius per second ( ° C / s ) if the mass of the reactor core is 1.60 × 10 5 kg and it has an average specific heat of 0.3349 kJ/kg ° ⋅ C . (b) How long would it take to obtain a temperature increase of 2 000 ° C , which could cause some metals holding the radioactive materials to melt? (The initial rate of temperature increase would be greater than that calculated here because the heat transfer is concentrated in a smaller mass. Later, however, the temperature increase would slow down because the 5 × 10 5 -kg steel containment vessel would also begin to heat up.) Figure 14.32 Radioactive spent−fuel pool at a nuclear power plant. Spent fuel stays hot for a long time. (credit: U.S. Department of Energy)
Even when shut down after a period of normal use, a large commercial nuclear reactor transfers thermal energy at the rate of 150 MW by the radioactive decay of fission products. This heat transfer causes a rapid increase in temperature it the cooling system fails (1 watt 2 1 joule/second or 1 W = 1 J / s and 1 MW = 1 megawatt ). (a) Calculate the rate of temperature increase in degrees Celsius per second ( ° C / s ) if the mass of the reactor core is 1.60 × 10 5 kg and it has an average specific heat of 0.3349 kJ/kg ° ⋅ C . (b) How long would it take to obtain a temperature increase of 2 000 ° C , which could cause some metals holding the radioactive materials to melt? (The initial rate of temperature increase would be greater than that calculated here because the heat transfer is concentrated in a smaller mass. Later, however, the temperature increase would slow down because the 5 × 10 5 -kg steel containment vessel would also begin to heat up.) Figure 14.32 Radioactive spent−fuel pool at a nuclear power plant. Spent fuel stays hot for a long time. (credit: U.S. Department of Energy)
Even when shut down after a period of normal use, a large commercial nuclear reactor transfers thermal energy at the rate of 150 MW by the radioactive decay of fission products. This heat transfer causes a rapid increase in temperature it the cooling system fails (1 watt 2 1 joule/second or
1 W
=
1 J
/
s
and
1 MW
=
1 megawatt
). (a) Calculate the rate of temperature increase in degrees Celsius per second
(
°
C
/
s
)
if the mass of the reactor core is
1.60
×
10
5
kg
and it has an average specific heat of
0.3349
kJ/kg
°
⋅
C
. (b) How long would it take to obtain a temperature increase of
2
000
°
C
, which could cause some metals holding the radioactive materials to melt? (The initial rate of temperature increase would be greater than that calculated here because the heat transfer is concentrated in a smaller mass. Later, however, the temperature increase would slow down because the
5
×
10
5
-kg
steel containment vessel would also begin to heat up.)
Figure 14.32 Radioactive spent−fuel pool at a nuclear power plant.
Spent fuel stays hot for a long time. (credit: U.S. Department of Energy)
Study of body parts and their functions. In this combined field of study, anatomy refers to studying the body structure of organisms, whereas physiology refers to their function.
Even when shut down after a period of normal use, a large commercial nuclear reactor transfers thermal energy at the rate of 150 MW by the radioactive decay of fission products. This heat transfer causes a rapid increase in temperature if the cooling system fails (1 watt = 1 joule/second or 1 W = 1 J/s and 1 MW = 1 megawatt). (a) Calculate the rate of temperature increase in degrees Celsius per second (ºC/s) if the mass of the reactor core is 1.60×10^5kg and it has an average specific heat of 0.3349 kJ/kgº⋅C.
The heat of vaporization of water is 40.7 k/>mol.(a) How much heat (in kilojoules) is required to vaporize3.00 mol of H2O?(b) How much heat (in kilojoules) is released when 320 gof steam condenses?
Estimate the rate of change of temperature of the ocean in degrees/century associated with 4 W/m2 of net heat input assuming that the warming goes into a column of water 1 meter x 1 meter x 1000m.
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