Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The combined frequency of two alleles used in DNA fingerprinting.
Introduction: The detection of variations in the minisatellites, or short tandem repeats used to identify individuals is called DNA fingerprinting. DNA was first used as
b.
To determine: Whether the combined frequency of the alleles point to the suspect as a perpetrator
Introduction: DNA profiling has been used in criminal and civil investigations. The allele frequency with a number of STR probes is calculated, and the probability is matched with the suspect.
c.
To determine: The additional data that can be obtained from the DNA lab to find the perpetrator.
Introduction: The use of DNA profiling has brought about a major revolution in criminal and civil proceedings. The DNA is probed with four STR allele probes, and the frequency is calculated to determine or identify the perpetrator.
d.
To determine: Whether jurors in judicial system understand basic probability and whether DNA evidence can mislead jurors to make a false decision.
Introduction: DNA was first used as forensic evidence in 1986 since then DNA profiling has brought about a major revolution in criminal and civil proceedings. The analysis of DNA profiling includes the study of probability, statistics and population genetics.
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Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
- If only the first five loci listed in Table 1 of the assigned paper (Forensics, DNA Fingerprinting, and CODIS) were analyzed, what would be the statistical probability of finding that particular genotype among people other than Suspect B? SHOW YOUR WORK! Hint: Multiply together the frequencies of the individual STR genotypes to obtain the overall profile frequency.arrow_forwardThrough PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows: H4/H4 = 125 individuals; H4/H5 = 90 individuals and H5/H5=85 individuals. Using the allele frequencies experimentally derived, calculate the frequency of the H4/H5 genotype that would be expected if the class were a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 1- 0.43 2- 0.24 3- 0.49 4- 0.30 5- 0.57 6- 0.14 7- 0.19arrow_forwardWhat is wrong with simply saying that a suspect is included in a mixture without providing any statistics? Why is it important to establish independence between alleles and between loci? im assuming allele frequency in dna, particualrily forensics. class is forensic dna analysis.arrow_forward
- How many individuals need to be genotyped in order to get an acceptable estimate of the rarity of alleles used for DNA profiling purposes? About 200 About 2,000 About 20,000 About 2,000,000 About 20,000,000arrow_forwardProvide an example of a research project in your hometown where you would choose to use a t-test for independent samples. Would you use a one-tail or two-tail test, and why? What is your null hypothesis and research hypothesis? If you have a sample size of 500, should you interpret the statistical significance or the effect size?arrow_forwardIn a population of 500 fruit flies, 250 are genotype RR, 100 are genotype Rr and 150 are genotype rr. Determine the allele frequencies for this gene in this population. Remember that the frequencies should add to 1. Please show your work.arrow_forward
- You are examining a scorpion population with the Las Vegas area field team is able to capture 200 yellow scorpions and 450 brown scorpions you know that the color brown B is dominant over the color yellow b based on this information please answer the following questions to be sure to show your work. What is the allele frequency of each Allele? what percentage of scorpions in the population are heterozygous?arrow_forwardWhat is DNA fingerprinting? Mention its application.arrow_forwardThrough PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows: H4/H4 = 125 individuals; H4/H5 = 90 individuals and H5/H5=85 individuals. Considering the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and comparing the observed and the expected number of individuals for the three genotypes, calculate the value of the Chi-square statistic. Select only one answer. 1. 14.59 2. 0.05 3. 3.84 4. 28.67 5. 22.31 6. 45.43 7. 0.50arrow_forward
- While studying the frequency of sickle-cell disease ("sickle cell anemia") in a population living in sub-Saharan Africa, you obtain the following data from a sample of n= 100 people (note that I chose a simpler system for identifying the alleles rather than using "Hb S" for sickle cell allele), which is the actual name and what you used in lab). What is the frequency of the sickle cell allele (b) in the sample below from a human population? Sample Data BB-60 individuals (No sickle cell disease) Bb-30 individuals (No sickle cell disease) bb-10 individuals (Sickle cell disease) 1. 0.25 2. 0.10 3. 0.35 4. 0.60 5. 0.20arrow_forwardsubset of African diversity can be found in the genomes of all populations existing today. a. A subset of African diversity can only be found in populations whose ancestors migrated out of Africa at any point in time. b. African diversity is only found in the genomes of population with direct ancestors from Africa migrating from the continent in the last 160KY. c. True statement d. False statement Please answer asap and type your answer and do not copy from anywhere pleasearrow_forwardWhat is DNA fingerprinting? How can it be used in human identification?arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning