The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the Δ G for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole. Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 14 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 10Q

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