Chapter 14, Problem 14.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The process of formation of pure copper needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Copper is mined from the ores through a process of crushing and separation, which is known as copper concentrate. The Copper distillate is then converted to liquid in a flash smelter. A flux combines with iron in the melt, thereby creating a slag that rises to the top of that containment vessel, and a flow of oxygen converts sulfur to sulfur dioxide gas which is later exhausted.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The important properties of copper needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Copper is removed from the ores through a process of crushing and separation which is termed as copper concentrate. The Copper concentrate is then converted to liquid in a flash smelter. A flux combines with iron in the melt, thereby creating a slag that rises to the top of that containment vessel, and a flow of oxygen converts sulfur to sulfur dioxide gas that is then exhausted.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The brass alloy needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

An alloy of Cu and Zn is known as brass. In brass, the propotions of Cu and Zn can be different with different electrical and mechanical properties.

It is substantial alloy because atoms of the two elements may substitute each other in the same crystal structure. Brass is also used for ornamentation for its positive gold-like appearance, for applications where low abrasion is required such as locks, bearings, gears, ammunition and, doorknobs. It is extensively used in brass musical instruments such as horns and belts where a grouping of high workability and durability is expected.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The bronze alloy needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Bronze is an composite containing mostly of copper, generally with about 12-15% tin and frequently with the addition of various metals and non-metals or metalloids like arsenic, phosphorous or silicon. There are different bronze alloys, but typically modern bronze contains percentage of copper and tin as 88% and 12% respectively. Whereas, Alpha bronze alloys of 4-5% tin are used to make coins, springs, turbines, and blades. Bronze is certainly very ductile alloy, and less brittle than cast iron. Bronze oxidizes rapidly.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The reason for green color of statue of liberty needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Copper is extracted from the rocks through a method of crushing and separation which is known as copper concentrate. The Copper concentrate is then transformed to liquid in a flash smelter. A flux combines with iron in the liquefy matter thus, creating a slag that rises to the top of that containment vessel, and a movement of oxygen changes sulfur to sulfur dioxide gas that is later worn-out.