Calculate ΔSsurr for each of the reactions in Problem 14.14 and determine if each reaction is spontaneous at 25°C.
(a)
Interpretation: The entropy change of surroundings
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in system
Where
Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe(
Answer to Problem 14.20QP
The given reaction is found to be a spontaneous process with
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
Given,
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
The
To calculate
is calculated by plugging in the values of
(b)
Interpretation: The entropy change of surroundings
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in system
Where
Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe (
Answer to Problem 14.20QP
The given reaction is found to be a non-spontaneous process with
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
Given,
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
The
To calculate
Since,
(c)
Interpretation: The entropy change of surroundings
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in system
Where
Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
Using the value for the change in enthalpy in a system and the temperature, we can calculate
The summation of the change in entropy of the system and surroundings will give the value for the change in enthalpy in the universe (
Answer to Problem 14.20QP
The given reaction is found to be a spontaneous process with
Explanation of Solution
To record the given data
Given,
To calculate
The
To calculate
To calculate
The
To calculate
Since,
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
- Consider the reaction of 2 mol H2(g) at 25C and 1 atm with 1 mol O2(g) at the same temperature and pressure to produce liquid water at these conditions. If this reaction is run in a controlled way to generate work, what is the maximum useful work that can be obtained? How much entropy is produced in this case?arrow_forwardCalculate H and G for the following reactions at 25C, using thermodynamic data from Appendix C; interpret the signs of H and G. a 2PbO(s)+N2(g)2Pb(s)+2NO(g)\ b CS2(l)+2H2O(l)CO2(g)+2H2S(g)arrow_forwardCalculate the standard entropy change for the reaction CO2(g)+2H2O(l)CH4(g)+2O2(g) . What does the sign of S say about the spontaneity of this reaction?arrow_forward
- Which of the following are spontaneous processes? a A cube of sugar dissolves in a cup of hot tea. b A rusty crowbar turns shiny. c Butane from a lighter burns in air. d A clock pendulum, initially stopped, begins swinging. e Hydrogen and oxygen gases bubble out from a glass of pure water.arrow_forwardPredict the sign of S, if possible, for each of the following reactions. If you cannot predict the sign for any reaction, state why. a HCl(g)+NH3(g)NH4Cl(s) b N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) c 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) d CH3OH(l)+32O2(g)CO2(g)+2H2O(g)arrow_forwardThe free energy for a reaction decreases as temperature increases. Explain how this observation is used to determine the sign of either H or S.arrow_forward
- Calculate H and G for the following reactions at 25C, using thermodynamic data from Appendix C; interpret the signs of H and G. a Al2O3(s)+2Fe(s)Fe2O3(s)+2Al(s) b COCl2(g)+H2O(l)CO2(g)+2HCl(g)arrow_forwardConsider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions.. 2HgO(s,red)2Hg(l)+O2(g) (a) Is the decomposition spontaneous under standard state conditions? (b) Above what temperature does the reaction become spontaneous?arrow_forwardOn the basis of your experience, predict which reactions are spontaneous: (a) PbO2(s)Pb(s)+O2(g)(b) N2(l)N2(g) at 25C (c) C6H12O6(s)C6H12O6(l) at 25C (d) Ca2+(aq)+CO32(aq)CaCO3(s)arrow_forward
- Decide whether the following processes will be spontaneous, and why. The why can be general, not specific. a Ice melting at 5C b Ice melting at +5C c KBr(s) dissolving in water d An unplugged refrigerator getting cold e A leaf falling from a tree to the ground f The reaction Li(s)+12F2(g)LiF(s) g The reaction H2O(l)H2(g)+12O2(g)arrow_forwardAt 298 K, G = 70.52 kJ for the reaction 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) (a) Calculate _G at the same temperature when PNO = 1.0 104 atm, PO2=2.0103 atm, and PNO2=0.30 atm. (b) Under the conditions in part a, in which direction is the reaction spontaneous?arrow_forwardThe combustion of acetylene, C2H2, is a spontaneous reaction given by the equation 2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)4CO2(g)+2H2O(l) As expected for a combustion, the reaction is exothermic. What is the sign of H? What do you expect for the sign of S? Explain the spontaneity of the reaction in terms of the enthalpy and entropy changes.arrow_forward
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