Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
In accordance with the given conditions the number of possible arrangements and the entropy for the given set up has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
A
Where
The entropy and thermodynamic probability is related by Boltzmann equation. As the number of possible arrangements increases the entropy also increases.
Where,
(b)
Interpretation:
In accordance with the given conditions the number of possible arrangements and the entropy for the given set up has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
A thermodynamic system can have degenerate and non degenerate energy levels. There can be different possible arrangements of the particles in the various energy levels. These possible arrangements are defined as thermodynamic probability
Where
The entropy and thermodynamic probability is related by Boltzmann equation. As the number of possible arrangements increases the entropy also increases.
Where,
(c)
Interpretation:
In accordance with the given conditions the number of possible arrangements and the entropy for the given set up has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
A thermodynamic system can have degenerate and non degenerate energy levels. There can be different possible arrangements of the particles in the various energy levels. These possible arrangements are defined as thermodynamic probability
Where
The entropy and thermodynamic probability is related by Boltzmann equation. As the number of possible arrangements increases the entropy also increases.
Where,
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Chapter 14 Solutions
CHEMISTRY:ATOMS FIRST (LL)>CUSTOM PKG.<
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- Explain how the entropy of the universe increases when an aluminum metal can is made from aluminum ore. Thefirst step is to extract the ore, which is primarily a formof A12O3, from the ground. After it is purified by freeingit from oxides of silicon and iron, aluminum oxide ischanged to the metal by an input of electrical energy. 2Al2O3(s)electricalenergy4Al(s)+3O2(g)arrow_forwardA metal salt with the formula MSO, crystallizes from water to form a solid with the composition MSO, · 5 H,0. At 298 K, the equilibrium vapor pressure of water above this solid is 15.1 Torr. MSO, · 5 H,O(s) = MSO,(s) + 5 H,0(g) What is the value of AG for the reaction when the vapor pressure of water is 15.1 Torr? AG = J/mol What is the value of AG for the reaction at this temperature if the vapor pressure of water is 479 Torr? AG = J/molarrow_forwardAt 125 °C, 1 mol 0, and 2 mol H2 in a chamber have a total pressure of 3 atm. A current is run through the chamber, combining all the molecules into H,0 at constant volume. The pressure of the chamber, in atmospheres, is now:arrow_forward
- A reaction has a standard free‑energy change of −18.20 kJ (−4.350 kcal mol−1). Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 25 °C. Keq =arrow_forwardWhat is ASuniy at 25 °C for the reaction 2 S(s) + Cl2(g) - S2Cl2(g)?arrow_forwardAt 276.7 oC, the Kp for the reaction 2 A (g) + 1 B (g) ↔ 5 AB is Kp = 3.07⋅10-2 What is Keq?arrow_forward
- Does the entropy of the system increase, decrease, or staythe same when (a) the temperature of the system increases,(b) the volume of a gas increases, (c) equal volumes of ethanoland water are mixed to form a solution?arrow_forwardThe potassium-ion concentration in blood plasma is about 5.0 * 10-3 M, whereas the concentration in a muscle-cell fluid is much greater (0.15 M ). The plasma and intracellular fluid are separated by the cell membrane, which we assume is permeable only to K+. What is the minimum amount of work that must be used to transfer this K+?arrow_forward, calculate AGrxn (in kJ/mol) for the following balanced chemical equation: (4 sf) Using tabulated values from Appendix G Li₂CO3 (s) + 2 HCI (g) → 2 LiCI (s) + H₂O(g) + CO₂ (g) The standard Gibbs free energy for the formation of solid lithium chloride is -384.4 kJ/mol. Type your answer...arrow_forward
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