Three days before a nurse developed meningococcemia, she assisted with intubation of a patient with a Neisseria meningitidis infection. Of the 24 medical personnel involved, only this nurse became ill. The nurse recalled that she was exposed to nasopharyngeal secretions and did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis. What two mistakes did the nurse make? How is meningitis transmitted?
Introduction:
Meningococcemia is a contagious bacterial infection it is directly affect the bloodstream which is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. It is spread through respiratory secretions. The first signs and symptom include fever, nausea, myalgia, headache, arthralgia, chills, diarrhea, stiff neck, and malaise. The rashes will be appear often.
Explanation
The staff nurse who care for such affected patients with conformed Neisseria meningitidis infection should use Personal protective equipment (PPE) and also follow the proper hand washing technique. Secondly, Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis is essential to prevent meningococcal infections. But this nurse forgets to use PPE and receive prophylaxis.
the meningitis is transmitted through the droplet infection and the causative organism are Group B Streptococcus (GBS), Streptococcus pneumoniae (also called pneumococcus), Heamophillus influenza, Neisseria meningitides (also called meningococcus), and Listeria monocytogenes.
Application:
While caring the patients diagnosed with meningococcal diseases and who hospitalized must placed in respiratory precautions and start with effective antimicrobial therapy can prevent the cross-infection in hospital workers. But no need for Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis for the personnel who have only casual or indirect contact with a patient with meningococcal disease. Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis should be administered even the passenger who had direct contact with respiratory secretions for anyone seated directly next to an affected person on a prolonged time more than 8 hours.
Conclusion:
To decrease the cross-infection in the clinical setting and hospital staff who caring for patients with known or suspected meningococcal infections should take standard precautions and antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 14 Solutions
MICROBIOLOGY W/ACCESS PKG >IP<
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Human Anatomy
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Laboratory Manual for Holes Human Anatomy & Physiology Fetal Pig Version
- Why does the medical microbiological community propose that physicians be more cautious in their prescription of antibiotics for each little sneeze and sniffle?arrow_forwardWhat does the term nosocomial infection mean? What is the difference between an endogenous nosocomial infection and exogenous nosocomial infection? Describe the various infections produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa .arrow_forwardWhat is the causative agent of Lyme disease and how is it transmitted to humans? What preventative measures can an individual take to avoid infection?arrow_forward
- Explain the role of pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers. Which populations are most susceptible to peptic ulcers? Is H. pylori normal flora? If so, what causes the species to become pathogenic? Construct at table to compare and contrast the 5 steps of microbial pathogenesis. How does extracellular growth differ from intracellular growth? Diagram the 5 step pathogenesis cycle for coli O157:H7, an extracellular, intestinal pathogen acquired by consuming contaminated food/water. Be sure to include the role of exoenzymes and the Shiga exotoxin in your diagram. (2 points) Explain the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes. Be sure to include temperature regulation, intracellular growth, and at risk groups in your discussion.arrow_forwardFive human infections (or resulting diseases) are presented below. For each one, find three matching terms from the associated word bank (see below). Some terms can be used more than once. Each term should be used at least once. 1. Pneumocystis pneumonia in advanced AIDS patient 2. Plague originating in a bite from Yersinia pestis-infected rat flea 3. Undiagnosed Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung infection 4. Infection of meninges caused by Neisseria meningitidis 5. Digestive tract infection with the water pathogen Vibrio cholerae WORD BANK Acute Infection Chronic Infection Asymptomatic infection Secondary infection Zoonotic Infection Airborne Infection Bacteremia Viremia Contact transmission Vehicle transmission Vector transmission Opportunistic pathogen Breaching of the blood-brain barrier Non-living reservoirarrow_forwardDifferent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes much versatility. Virulence factors include which of the following? Choose one or more: A.A capsule that, when thick, will help the organism avoid phagocytosis by macrophages B.A cell wall containing lipoteichoic acid, thought to facilitate adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells C.Enzymes that lyse blood cells (streptolysins) D.The production of several endotoxins called streptococcal pyogenic endotoxins (SPEs)arrow_forward
- A 65-year-old woman has a long-term central venous catheter for intravenous therapy. She develops fever and subsequently has multiple blood cultures positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis. All of the S. epidermidis isolates have the same colony morphology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, suggesting that they are the same strain. In what possible way do you think she has contracted the bacteria? Which link in the chain of infection has broken in this particular scenario and what will be your advice to avoid such infections?arrow_forwardName the metabolic end products that can facilitate the spread ofstreptococci and initiate secondary sites of streptococcal infection.arrow_forwardA 5 years-old child died from severe septic shock, circulatory collapse following a sudden onset of fever, severe headache and vomiting. The causative agent was isolated from blood and CSF and was Gram-negative that was also identified by latex agglutination. What is the most important virulence factor involved in disease production by the above bacteria?arrow_forward
- Below are a list of virulence factors/ strategies paired with an example of an organism that utilizes them. How do each of the following strategies contribute to the virulence of the pathogen? Strategy - Causes the host to produce more receptors (Organism - Rhinovirus) Strategy - Produces gas as a product of fermentation (Organism - Clostridium perfringens) Strategy - Produces a capsule (organism - Klebsiella pneumonia) Strategy - Ability to move between adjacent cells (organism - Cytomegalovirus) Strategy - Ability to use pilus as a motility structure (organism - Pseudomonas aerogenosa)arrow_forwardThe general public takes for granted the link between an infectious agent and a given infection Discuss the requirements established by Koch, the nineteenth-century German scientist, before ascertaining, for instance, that Helicobacter pylori bacterium is the cause of the gastric ulcer. Why is it so essential to meet these conditions?arrow_forwardTwo microbiologists are writing a textbook, but they cannot agree where to place the discussion of botulism. One favored the chapter on nervous system infections, whereas the other insisted on the chapter covering digestive system infections. Where do you think the discussion should be placed, and why?arrow_forward
- Microbiology for Surgical Technologists (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781111306663Author:Margaret Rodriguez, Paul PricePublisher:Cengage LearningComprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...NursingISBN:9781305964792Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy CorreaPublisher:Cengage Learning