What is the more common term for an energy-producing turbomachine? How about an energy-absorbing turbomachine? Explain this terminology, in particular, from which frame of reference are these terms defined-that of the fluid or that of the surroundings?
The common terms for energy producing turbo machine and the energy absorbing turbo machine.
The frame of reference from which these terms are defined.
Explanation of Solution
The most common term used for energy producing turbo machinery is Turbine. Turbine is a mechanical component that extracts kinetic energy from the moving fluid and converts it into the useful mechanical work or energy.
In Frame of reference of fluid, the fluid loses energy to drive the turbine for energy producing devices or turbo machines.
The most common term used for the energy absorbing turbo machines is Pump. Pump is also a mechanical component that absorbs energy from the rotating shaft and uses it to increase the energy of the moving fluid.
In frame of reference of fluid, the fluid gains energy for the energy absorbing devices.
Therefore, the pump absorbs energy from the surroundings and the turbine produces energy from the frame of reference of the surroundings.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Connect Access for Fluid Mechanics
- In a trial run, the De Laval steam turbine at Oman Power Plant rotates at 3000 rpm. The steam is issued from the nozzle at 400 m/s and the nozzle angle is 20o. The blade speed ratio is 0.41and the friction loss in the blade channel is 15%of the kinetic energy corresponding to the relative velocity at the inlet to the blades. As a turbine engineer at that station, how do you determine the (i) power developed by the turbine for a flow rate of 10 kg/s and (ii) suitable inlet and outlet angles for the blades when axial thrust is zero. Also, how would you determine the size of the turbine wheel required? Draw a suitable velocity diagram.arrow_forwardA horizontal axis wind turbine with a 35-m diameter rotor is 40% efficient at 7.5 m/s winds and at 1 atm of pressure and 15° C. (a) How much power would it produce at these conditions? (b) What would the air density be on the peak of Mount Robson in the Rainbow Range which has an elevation of 3954 m at -8.5° C? (c) Determine the power the wind turbine would produce on the mountain with the same wind speed. Assume that the efficiency of the turbine is not affected by density and the coefficient of friction is the same at both altitudes. Is it beneficial to build the turbine on top of this mountain?arrow_forwardA Francis radial-flow hydroturbine has the following dimensions, where location 2 is the inlet and location 1 is the outlet: r2 = 6.60 ft, r1 = 4.40 ft, b2 = 2.60 ft, and b1 = 7.20 ft. The runner blade angles are ?2 = 82° and ?1 = 46° at the turbine inlet and outlet, respectively. The runner rotates at n. = 120 rpm. The volume flow rate at design conditions is 4.70 ×106 gpm. Irreversible losses are neglected in this preliminary analysis. Calculate the angle ?2 through which the wicket gates should turn the flow, where ?2 is measured from the radial direction at the runner inlet. Calculate the swirl angle ?1, where ?1 is measured from the radial direction at the runner outlet. Does this turbine have forward or reverse swirl? Predict the power output (hp) and required net head (ft).arrow_forward
- A centrifugal blower rotates at 1400 rpm. Air enters the impeller normal to the blades (?1 = 0°) and exits at an angle of 25° (?2 = 25°). The inlet radius is r1 = 6.5 cm, and the inlet blade width b1 = 8.5 cm. The outlet radius and blade width are r2 = 12 cm and b2 = 4.5 cm, respectively. The volume flow rate is 0.22 m3 /s. What is the net head produced by this blower in meters of air? (a) 12.3 m (b) 3.9 m (c) 8.8 m (d) 5.4 m (e) 16.4 marrow_forwardA centrifugal pump rotates at n. = 750 rpm. Water enters the impeller normal to the blades (?1 = 0°) and exits at an angle of 35° from radial (?2 = 35°). The inlet radius is r1 = 12.0 cm, at which the blade width b1 = 18.0 cm. The outlet radius is r2 = 24.0 cm, at which the blade width b2 = 16.2 cm. The volume flow rate is 0.573 m3 /s. Assuming 100 percent efficiency, calculate the net head produced by this pump in cm of water column height. Also calculate the required brake horsepower in Warrow_forwardWhat is the pressure drop in the turbine? Answer: 1176.91 kPa (replace “turbine pressure drop” for “pump pressure increase”)arrow_forward
- When mechanical energy is illustrated by an ideal hydraulic turbine coupled with an ideal generator, explain it briefly?arrow_forwardFluids Question Consider a centrifugal blower that has a radius of 20 cm and a blade width of 8.2 cm at the impeller inlet and a radius of 45 cm and a blade width of 5.6 cm at the outlet, the blower delivers air at a rate of 0.70 m3/s at a rotational speed of 700 RPM. Assuming the air enters the impeller in the radial direction and exits at an angle of 50° from the radial direction, determine the minimum power consumption of the blower, take the density of the air to be 1.25 kg/m3 (ans 152W)arrow_forwardWhich choice is correct for the comparison of the operation of impulse and reaction turbines? (a) Impulse: Higher flow rate (b) Impulse: Higher head (c) Reaction: Higher head (d) Reaction: Smaller flow rate (e) None of thesearrow_forward
- Derive an expression for the blade efficiency in reaction turbine that has four stages by means of flow and blade velocities with exit and entrance angles of moving blades if: the nozzle angle equal to twice the exit angle of moving blade, while the outlet relative velocity is equal to absolute velocity.If the efficiency of any stage is 90%, what is the total efficiency of this turbinearrow_forwardWater enters the radial turbine at 30⁰ absolute flow angle with the flow rate of 3.5 m3/s and leaves without any tangential velocity. The width of this turbine is 100 mm, the inlet radius is 70 cm and the outlet radius is 40 cm. The turbine is rotating at 135 RPM. At this operating condition, determine the power output of this turbine.Question 3arrow_forwardDiscuss the energy conversions of this Stirling engine and qualitatively justify why its efficiency is about 10-15%.arrow_forward
- Elements Of ElectromagneticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9780190698614Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.Publisher:Oxford University PressMechanics of Materials (10th Edition)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9780134319650Author:Russell C. HibbelerPublisher:PEARSONThermodynamics: An Engineering ApproachMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781259822674Author:Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. BolesPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
- Control Systems EngineeringMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118170519Author:Norman S. NisePublisher:WILEYMechanics of Materials (MindTap Course List)Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337093347Author:Barry J. Goodno, James M. GerePublisher:Cengage LearningEngineering Mechanics: StaticsMechanical EngineeringISBN:9781118807330Author:James L. Meriam, L. G. Kraige, J. N. BoltonPublisher:WILEY