BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS & INVEST. (LOOSE)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781260203127
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 14, Problem 1PIT
Summary Introduction
To add:
The phylogenetic trees, species, fossils, DNA, and anatomical structure to figure 14.28 of chapter 14 “
Concept introduction:
Phylogenetic tree of life is the pictorial representation to classify organisms according to the order in time at which branches arise along with it, common ancestors.
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Part 1: Use this image to describe the relationship between H, F. and D, including how closely they are related to each other, and determine the most recent common ancestor for these species.
Part 2: Using the above image, estimate how long ago the common ancestor for H, F, and D lived.
Part 3: Of species H, F, and D, which have gone extinct without producing any evolutionary descendants? Provide evidence to support your answer.
Using the phylogeny, which statement best explains the evolutionary relationship of birds and bats?
A. C is an example of divergent evolution shows a common ancestor.
B. C is an example of convergent evolution does not show a common ancestor.
C. A and B are examples of analogous structures derived from a common ancestor.
D. A and B are examples of homologous structures that are not derived from a common ancestor.
Adaptive radiation is when populations diverge from a common ancestor into new species,
each of which is adapted to its own unique niche. Provide evidence to highlight an example as to how this may have occurred in some of the species of penguins.
Chapter 14 Solutions
BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS & INVEST. (LOOSE)
Ch. 14.1 - What is the relationship between macroevolution...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.1 - What are some of the challenges in defining...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.3 - Distinguish among allopatric, parapatric, and...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14.4 - Describe the theories of gradualism and punctuated...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2MC
Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14.6 - Describe the taxonomic hierarchy.Ch. 14.6 - What is the advantage of a cladistics approach...Ch. 14.6 - Distinguish between ancestral and derived...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 14.6 - How is a cladogram constructed?Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 6MCCh. 14.7 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14 - The biological species concept defines species...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 14 - A mountain range separates a population of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 14 - What type of reproductive barrier applies to each...Ch. 14 - How does natural selection predict a gradualistic...Ch. 14 - Why do species become extinct? Choose a species...Ch. 14 - Which of the groups in figure 1.9 represent...Ch. 14 - On figure 14.20, circle a monophyletic group, a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1PITCh. 14 - Add fertilization and offspring to this concept...Ch. 14 - Draw pictures of allopatric, parapatric, and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4PIT
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- On a phylogenetic tree, ____ represents a common ancestor that existed before divergence.arrow_forwardConstruct a character matrix with at least five characters for organisms beetle, pigeon, perch, salamander, and a mouse. (Pay attention to eyes, legs, number legs, antennae, body type/form; not limited to here). Then construct a phylogenetic tree using the character matrix and map the synapomorphies.arrow_forwarda diagram that shows evolutionary connections between clades is called a_______ .a. karyotype c. cladogramb. molecular clock d. homologous structurearrow_forward
- Choose the words that make the sentence most accurate. When reconstructing phylogenies, you should use ___________ traits because they are _______________. a. homologous; similar due to common ancestry. b. homoplastic; similar due to common ancestry. c. homoplastic; similar due to environmental constraints. d. homologous; similar due to environmental constraints.arrow_forwardCreate a timeline for red pandas showing when it evolved from 4 extinct ancestors. Include scientific names and common names for all species in the timeline. Use images where possible.arrow_forwardEach branching point in a cladogram (a) is called a root (b) represents a clade (c) represents the divergence of two or more groups from a common ancestor (d) represents horizontal gene transfer (e) marks the divergence of two kingdomsarrow_forward
- Define the following terms: -phenetics -cladistics -phylogenetic tree -clade -cladogram -phenogram -phylogenetic divergencearrow_forwarda) Draw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1-5 in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree to indicate the origin of characters 1-6. b) Assume that tuna and dolphins are sister species and redraw the phylogenetic tree accordingly. Use hatch marks to indicate the origin of characters 1-6. c) How many evolutionary changes are required in each tree? Which tree is most parsimonious? Use figure 20.5 and 20.12 from the Campbell, Biology in focus. Can you pls explain this to me?arrow_forwardDescribe a scientific hypothesis to explain the mass extinction of dinosaurs and many other organisms at the end of the Cretaceous Period.arrow_forward
- Define each in two short sentences Allopatric speciation Sympatric speciation Adaptive radiation Convergent evolution Analogous Homologousarrow_forwardParaphyletic groups... A. represent the most recent common ancestor and all of the descendants B. Are a potential consequence of secondary loss of a trait C. Are often created when attempting to build phylogenies for species that have undergone convergent evolution D. Are more likely when making trees using the biological species conceptarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: phylogeny phenetics cladistics phylogenetic tree clade cladogram phenogram phylogenetic divergencearrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license