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BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+INVEST.-CONNECT ACCESS
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260542233
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 14, Problem 1PIT
Summary Introduction
To add:
The phylogenetic trees, species, fossils, DNA, and anatomical structure to figure 14.28 of chapter 14 “
Concept introduction:
Phylogenetic tree of life is the pictorial representation to classify organisms according to the order in time at which branches arise along with it, common ancestors.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Match the correct label to locations A, B and C on the figure below.
Evolutionary history, or phylogeny, is represented visually by a phylogenetic
tree. Trees have a common structure, with a root, nodes, and branches. To
determine evolutionary relationships among living or extinct organisms,
consider the most recent common ancestors.
Lizard
C: Natural
selection leads to
new species or
groups of species.
Eu Jin Chew/Dreamstime.com
Crocodile
B: This is the
common ancestor
of all organisms on
the tree.
Infographic 16.10
Dinion for Channing World Third Edition
Gert Vrey/Dreamstime.com
Dinosaur
(extinct)
Time
musk/Alamy
Bird
Danita Delimont/Alamy
A: This is the last
common ancestor of
the organisms above
this point in the tree
(in this case, dinosaurs
and birds).
Phylogenetic trees are a type of model that can be used to show how organisms are related through common ancestry. The phylogenetic tree model represents nodes numbered 1 through 8.
Using evidence from the phylogenetic tree determine which species would be MOST closely related to the species on branch C?
Question options:
The species on Branch A is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most recent common ancestor at node 1.
The species on Branch B is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the greatest number of common +ancestors.
The species on Branch A & B are both most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most most recent common ancestor at node 2.
The species on Branches F, G, H, and I are all equally related to the species on branch C because they all split from a common ancestor at the same time which is illustrated by having nodes 2 and 7 at the…
What are potential applications of cladistics and phylogenetics? Select all that apply.
Assess the relatedness of different species and genera within a family of organisms
Predict pathogen-host associations and potential disease risk in target populations
Correlate evolutionary divergences among a species with the behavior and dispersal patterns of existing populations
Assess the diversity of target species or groups for conservation efforts
Chapter 14 Solutions
BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+INVEST.-CONNECT ACCESS
Ch. 14.1 - What is the relationship between macroevolution...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.1 - What are some of the challenges in defining...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.3 - Distinguish among allopatric, parapatric, and...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14.4 - Describe the theories of gradualism and punctuated...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2MC
Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14.6 - Describe the taxonomic hierarchy.Ch. 14.6 - What is the advantage of a cladistics approach...Ch. 14.6 - Distinguish between ancestral and derived...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 14.6 - How is a cladogram constructed?Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 6MCCh. 14.7 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14 - The biological species concept defines species...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 14 - A mountain range separates a population of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 14 - What type of reproductive barrier applies to each...Ch. 14 - Why do species become extinct? Choose a species...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 14 - Which of the groups in figure 1.9 represent...Ch. 14 - On figure 14.20, circle a monophyletic group, a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1PITCh. 14 - Add fertilization and offspring to this concept...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3PIT
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- Based on the phylogenetic tree, if you go back in time and look for species B, you will find that species B is not chimpanzee, gorilla, or human. True or falsearrow_forwardMatch Column A with Column B. The use of comparative genomics to infer evolutionary relationships among species The study of macromolecules changes through time inferred phylogeny of a set of DNA sequences an estimated evolutionary history of a set of species The apparently constant rate of change…arrow_forwardStudy the diagrams below. The diagrams represent four possible phylogenetic trees showing the relationship between the four species: M, L, S, and R. B A M LS R M LR +d \t R SML RM S tota -444 What is the plausible explanation for the appearance of autapomorphic character c in species L and S of tree A although they do not share a most recent common ancestor?arrow_forward
- The table below shows short DNA sequences from a gene in a closely related group of dragons, as well as their close relative, the Winged Ground Lizard. Assume each change in the DNA sequence evolved only once. Draw a phylogenetic tree that represents the relationship among the dragon species, as well as the Winged Ground Lizard. Indicate the locations on the tree where there is a change in the DNA sequence and indicate the site position and what the change isarrow_forwardUse this diagram to answer questions 6-7 Outgroup Cow Deer Hippo Pig Peccary Camel Whale (b) Outgroup Cow Deer Whale Hippo Pig Peccary Camel 6. According to the rule of maximum parsimony, is it MORE LIKELY that whales lost their hooves or that pigs, deer, cattle, and camels independently gained hooves? 7. Phylogenetic trees can change depending on which trait or gene sequence you use to classify the organisms (see the diagram above). How is this possible? Hint: you can use the terms mosaic evolution or haplotype in your answerarrow_forwardUse the information and model to answer the following question. Phylogenetic trees are a type of model that can be used to show how organisms are related through common ancestry. The phylogenetic tree model represents nodes numbered 1 through 8. A CDE F GH в I 2 |5 Using evidence from the phylogenetic tree determine which species would be MOST closely related to the species on branch C? O A. The species on Branches F, G, H, and I are all equally related to the species on branch C because they all split from a common ancestor at the same time which is illustrated by having nodes 2 and 7 at the same height. O B. The species on Branch A & B are both most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most most recent common ancestor at node 2. C. The species on Branch B is most closely related to the species on branch c because they share the greatest number of common +ancestors. D. The species on Branch A is most closely related to the species on branch C because they…arrow_forward
- Identify the outgroup from the phylogenetic trees and box/mark the whole lineage in red. Identify the most recent common ancestor for species A and B and mark it in blue. Identify the most recent common ancestor for species C and D and mark it in green. E A B C D E B C D Earrow_forwardTransitional species are species important in helping scientists determine the evolutionary path that species have taken over long periods of time. Lobe-finned fishes are the ancestors of amphibians and have fossils that are found in rocks that are at least 380 million years old. Fossils of the oldest amphibian-like vertebrate animals with true legs and lungs are found in rocks that are approximately 363 million years old. Paleontologists have found a sample of rock that is approximately 370 million years old which contains what seems to be a link between lobe-finned fishes and amphibians. Which of the following is a characteristic that you would not expect to see in this transitional fossil? Question options: Skeletal structures that indicate the development of legs. An intermediate structure between lungs and gills. Teeth that are intermediate to the lobe-finned fishes and amphibians. A neck that is more flexible than lobe-finned fishes.arrow_forwardClade A began diversifying 20 million years ago. There are 33 living species in Clade A and 6 species have gone extinct. Clade B began diversifying 10 million years ago. It has 14 living species and 5 species in Clade B have gone extinct. CALCULATE SPECIATION, EXTINCTION AND NET DIVERSIFICATION RATE (to the nearest 2 decimal places) TO DETERMINE WHETHER NET DIVERSIFICATION DIFFERS BETWEEN THE TWO CLADES. Clade B has higher net diversification because despite having a higher extinction rate, it also has a higher speciation rate compared with Clade A. Clade A has higher net diversification because despite having a lower speciation rate, it also has a lower extinction rate compared with Clade B. Clade A has higher net diversification because it has both a higher speciation rate and a lower extinction rate than Clade B. Clades A and B have the same net diversification; Clade A has a higher speciation rate, but Clade B has a lower extinction rate. Clades A and B have the same net…arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license