The effect of calcium channels blockers and beta receptor blockers on the heart, and the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the cardiac output. Introduction: Ca 2+ enters the contractile cell through voltage-gated L-type Ca 2+ channels present in the cell membrane. When Ca 2+ enters into the contractile cell, it opens ryanodine receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This leads to the release of Ca 2+ into the cytosol. The Ca 2+ released during this process is required for heart contraction. Beta receptors can bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine that flow into the blood. These receptors play a role in increasing heart rate and contraction, and therefore, help in the cardiac output.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 14, Problem 20RQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of calcium channels blockers and beta receptor blockers on the heart, and the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the cardiac output.

Introduction: Ca²⁺ enters the contractile cell through voltage-gated L-type Ca²⁺ channels present in the cell membrane. When Ca²⁺ enters into the contractile cell, it opens ryanodine receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This leads to the release of Ca²⁺ into the cytosol. The Ca²⁺ released during this process is required for heart contraction. Beta receptors can bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine that flow into the blood. These receptors play a role in increasing heart rate and contraction, and therefore, help in the cardiac output.

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Answer 2

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Chapter 14, Problem 20RQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of calcium channels blockers and beta receptor blockers on the heart, and the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the cardiac output.

Introduction: Ca²⁺ enters the contractile cell through voltage-gated L-type Ca²⁺ channels present in the cell membrane. When Ca²⁺ enters into the contractile cell, it opens ryanodine receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This leads to the release of Ca²⁺ into the cytosol. The Ca²⁺ released during this process is required for heart contraction. Beta receptors can bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine that flow into the blood. These receptors play a role in increasing heart rate and contraction, and therefore, help in the cardiac output.

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Answer 3

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Chapter 14, Problem 20RQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of calcium channels blockers and beta receptor blockers on the heart, and the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the cardiac output.

Introduction: Ca²⁺ enters the contractile cell through voltage-gated L-type Ca²⁺ channels present in the cell membrane. When Ca²⁺ enters into the contractile cell, it opens ryanodine receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This leads to the release of Ca²⁺ into the cytosol. The Ca²⁺ released during this process is required for heart contraction. Beta receptors can bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine that flow into the blood. These receptors play a role in increasing heart rate and contraction, and therefore, help in the cardiac output.

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Answer 4

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Chapter 14, Problem 20RQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of calcium channels blockers and beta receptor blockers on the heart, and the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the cardiac output.

Introduction: Ca²⁺ enters the contractile cell through voltage-gated L-type Ca²⁺ channels present in the cell membrane. When Ca²⁺ enters into the contractile cell, it opens ryanodine receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This leads to the release of Ca²⁺ into the cytosol. The Ca²⁺ released during this process is required for heart contraction. Beta receptors can bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine that flow into the blood. These receptors play a role in increasing heart rate and contraction, and therefore, help in the cardiac output.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 20RQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of calcium channels blockers and beta receptor blockers on the heart, and the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the cardiac output.

Introduction: Ca²⁺ enters the contractile cell through voltage-gated L-type Ca²⁺ channels present in the cell membrane. When Ca²⁺ enters into the contractile cell, it opens ryanodine receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This leads to the release of Ca²⁺ into the cytosol. The Ca²⁺ released during this process is required for heart contraction. Beta receptors can bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine that flow into the blood. These receptors play a role in increasing heart rate and contraction, and therefore, help in the cardiac output.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 20RQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of calcium channels blockers and beta receptor blockers on the heart, and the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the cardiac output.

Introduction: Ca²⁺ enters the contractile cell through voltage-gated L-type Ca²⁺ channels present in the cell membrane. When Ca²⁺ enters into the contractile cell, it opens ryanodine receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This leads to the release of Ca²⁺ into the cytosol. The Ca²⁺ released during this process is required for heart contraction. Beta receptors can bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine that flow into the blood. These receptors play a role in increasing heart rate and contraction, and therefore, help in the cardiac output.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 20RQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The effect of calcium channels blockers and beta receptor blockers on the heart, and the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the cardiac output.

Introduction: Ca²⁺ enters the contractile cell through voltage-gated L-type Ca²⁺ channels present in the cell membrane. When Ca²⁺ enters into the contractile cell, it opens ryanodine receptors located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This leads to the release of Ca²⁺ into the cytosol. The Ca²⁺ released during this process is required for heart contraction. Beta receptors can bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine that flow into the blood. These receptors play a role in increasing heart rate and contraction, and therefore, help in the cardiac output.

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Answer 11

Ch. 14.1 - A cardiovascular system has what three major...Ch. 14.1 - What is the difference between (a) the pulmonary...Ch. 14.2 - Which is more important for determining flow...Ch. 14.2 - The two identical tubes below have the pressures...Ch. 14.2 - All four tubes below have the same driving...Ch. 14.2 - Two canals in Amsterdam are identical in size, but...Ch. 14.3 - What prevents electrical signals from passing...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 14.3 - Compare the receptors and channels involved in...

Solution Summary: The author explains the effect of calcium channels blockers and beta receptor blocks on the heart and the mechanism by which these drugs reduce the cardiac output.

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