BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF)-W/ACCESS
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319425784
Author: BERG
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 27P
Interpretation Introduction
(a)
Interpretation:
The function of Csk as tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Tumor suppressor genes that are responsible for regulating cell growth and division, repair DNA, and regulates apoptosis. Any mutation in the tumor suppressor gene can lead to uncontrolled cell division, ultimately resulting in cancer. Any normal gene upon mutation leading to a cause of cancer is termed as the proto-oncogene. The proto-oncogene upon permanent activation leads to cancer, while tumor suppressor gene upon inactivation causes cancer.
Interpretation Introduction
(b)
Interpretation:
The function of PTP1B as tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Tumor suppressor genes that are responsible for regulating cell growth and division, repair DNA, and regulates apoptosis. Any mutation in the tumor suppressor gene can lead to uncontrolled cell division, ultimately resulting in cancer. Any normal gene upon mutation leading to a cause of cancer is termed as the proto-oncogene. The proto-oncogene upon permanent activation leads to cancer, while tumor suppressor gene upon inactivation causes cancer.
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which three amino acid residues can be phosphorylated by kinases? What property do these amino acids share that make them targets for phosphorylation? How does phosphorylation of these amino acids alter their chemical properties?arrow_forwardIn the case of GPCR (G protein coupled receptor) signaling pathways, which of the following statements is INCORRECT? The gamma subunit of the trimeric G protein has a transmembrane domain whereas the alpha and beta subunits are peripheral proteins If G alpha was locked in a GTP bound state, it would be bound to the effector enzyme rather than to the beta and gamma subunits. In some but not all signaling pathways, when the beta and gamma subunits are separated from alpha - the beta/gamma pair can also stimulate the activation of effectorsarrow_forwardWhy do Receptor Tyrosine Kinases have to form a dimer?arrow_forward
- H e l parrow_forwardPhosphatidylethanolamine and PIP2 containing identical fatty acyl residues can be hydrolyzed with the same efficiency by a certain phospholipase C. Will the hydrolysis products of the two lipids have the same effect on protein kinase C? Explain.arrow_forwardPay close attention to the information related to figure 3.14a and the structure of the PKA catalytic site in this figure. In a few well-written sentences, propose the following: A mutation that would result in PKA becoming a dead kinase*. A mutation that would result in PKA becoming a constitutively active** kinase.arrow_forward
- Some protein kinases are inactive unless they are phosphorylated on key serine or threonine residues. In some cases, active enzymes can be generated by mutating these serine or threonine residues to glutamate. Explain. What could you predict about a mutant generated replacing the serine or threonine with alanine.arrow_forwardMany cellular processes require the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. However, unlike ATP, GTP hydrolysis is often not used as an energy source for the cell, but rather, is associated with a group of enzymes called GTPases. Which of the following statements about GTP and GTPases is correct? 1. GTPase activating protein (GAP) binds to GTPase when it is in the active state. 2. The exchange factor GEF binds GTP directly and delivers it to the GTPase. 3. The "switching" behaviour of GTPase is because GTP hydrolysis causes the enzyme to change shape. 4. Structural differences in the terminal phosphate group explains why ATP hydrolysis releases energy and GTP does not. O 1,2 and 3 O 1 and 3 O 2 and 4 O 4 only O All of 1,2.3 and 4 are correctarrow_forwardProtein Kinase A can phosphorylate different proteins in different cells. Explain the role of AKAP’s (A Kinase Anchoring Protein’s) in determining which substrates of Protein Kinase A will get phosphorylated in particular cells.arrow_forward
- Can you explain the experimental procedure from this article? Please explain as if your having discussions with the whole class step by step.arrow_forwardReceptor tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor can basically be broken down into three domains: (1) An extracellular, ligand binding domain, (2) A transmembrane domain that must cross through the cell membrane, and (3) an intracellular domain. Match the amino acid with the domain that it would MOST LIKELY be associated with. Lysine (choose (1), (2), or (3) from above) A tyrosine residue capable of being phosphorylated on its hydroxyl group (choose (1), (2), or (3) from above) Isoleucine (choose (1), (2), or (3) from above)arrow_forwardThe Luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) is a GPCR that predominantly couples to Gαs (G alpha s) G proteins in response to binding of the endogenous ligand luteinizing hormone (LH). Briefly describe how activation of this receptor ultimately leads to protein kinase A (PKA) activation.arrow_forward
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