Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960961
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 2P
To determine
The value of Hubble constant and estimate the Hubble time? How old the universe is? How would change in acceleration change the value of Hubble constant and Hubble time?
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What is the redshift z of a galaxy 172 Mpc away from us?
Note: Assume a value of the Hubble constant of 71.1 km/s/Mpc
Round your answer to three decimal places.
Assuming that the Hubble constant is, in fact, constant over the age of the universe, what is the Hubble look-back time (effectively the age of the universe in this case) if the Hubble constant is measured to be 50 km/s/Mpc (Please give your answer in units of billions of years; i.e. 10 billion years should be answered as 10)? Keep in mind that this is not the observed measurement of the Hubble constant (70 km/s/Mpc) and is only a value given for this problem. That said, it is not incredibly different so you should expect your answer to still be on the scale of billions of years.
A galaxy is 30 Mpc away from us and has a recession velocity of 2000 km.s-1. What isHubble’s constant based on these values?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 14 - How does the darkness of the night sky tell you...Ch. 14 - How can Earth be located at the center of the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3RQCh. 14 - Prob. 4RQCh. 14 - Why couldn’t atomic nuclei exist when the e of the...Ch. 14 - Why are measurements of the present density of the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7RQCh. 14 - Prob. 8RQCh. 14 - What is the evidence that the Universe was very...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10RQ
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- It is possible to derive the age of the universe given the value of the Hubble constant and the distance to a galaxy, again with the assumption that the value of the Hubble constant has not changed since the Big Bang. Consider a galaxy at a distance of 400 million light-years receding from us at a velocity, v. If the Hubble constant is 20 km/s per million light-years, what is its velocity? How long ago was that galaxy right next door to our own Galaxy if it has always been receding at its present rate? Express your answer in years. Since the universe began when all galaxies were very close together, this number is a rough estimate for the age of the universe.arrow_forwardExplain what we mean when we call the universe homogeneous and isotropic. Would you say that the distribution of elephants on Earth is homogeneous and isotropic? Why?arrow_forwardSuppose you were Hubble and Humason, working on the distances and Doppler shifts of the galaxies. What sorts of things would you have to do to convince yourself (and others) that the relationship you were seeing between the two quantities was a real feature of the behavior of the universe? (For example, would data from two galaxies be enough to demonstrate Hubble’s law? Would data from just the nearest galaxies-in what astronomers call “the Local Group”-suffice?)arrow_forward
- Suppose we could measure the distance to a galaxy using one of the distance techniques listed in Table 26.2 and it turns out to be 200 million light-years. The galaxy’s redshift tells us its recessional velocity is 5000 km/s. What is the Hubble constant?arrow_forwardWhat is the redshift z of a galaxy 193 Mpc away from us? Note: Assume a value of the Hubble constant of 71.1 km/s/Mpcarrow_forwardA certain galaxy is observed to be receding from the Sun at a rate of 8000 km/sec. The distance to this Galaxy I measured independently and found to be 1.4 x 10 to the eighth power pc. Using these data , what is the value of the Hubble constant ?arrow_forward
- Compute the gravitational energy of a pair of colliding galaxies , each of mass 10 Mo separated by a distance of 10 kpc and compare it with the energy requirements of a powerful radio source . What conclusion do you arrive at from such a comparisonarrow_forwardHow does Hubble’s Constant depend on time? How about distance? (In what sense is it constant?arrow_forwardAn electron jumps from n=3 to n=2 in a hydrogen atom in a distant galaxy, emitting light. If we detect that light at a wavelength of 3.00 mm, by what multiplication factor has the wavelength, and thus the universe, expanded since the light was emitted?arrow_forward
- Recall that Hubbleʹs law is written v = H0d, where v is the recession velocity of a galaxy located a distance d away from us, and H0 is Hubbleʹs constant. Suppose H0 = 80 km/s/Mpc. How fast would a galaxy located 800 megaparsecs distant be receding from us?arrow_forwardUse the distance and velocity data tofind the rate of expansion as a function of distance.(b) If you extrapolate back in time, how long ago would all ofthe galaxies have been at approximately the same position?The two parts of this problem give you some idea of how theHubble constant for universal expansion and the time back tothe Big Bang are determined, respectivelyarrow_forwardIf a galaxy moving away from the Earth has a speed of 1000 km/s and emits 656 nm light characteristic of hydrogen (the most common element in the universe). Why is the speed of the Earth in its orbit negligible here?arrow_forward
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