The origin and spread of Alu transposable elements in mammals. Introduction: The occurrence of short DNA sequences present as many copies in the genome are termed as transposable elements. Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome . Alu elements multiply by making copies of itself in different parts of the genome.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 14, Problem 3PDT

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The origin and spread of Alu transposable elements in mammals.

Introduction: The occurrence of short DNA sequences present as many copies in the genome are termed as transposable elements. Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. Alu elements multiply by making copies of itself in different parts of the genome.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The two hypotheses that could explain the presence and absence of Alu sites in chimpanzees and humans.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The ways by which two hypotheses can be distinguished.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

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The human genome contains more than a million copies of the Alu transposable element. Comparative genomics reveals that the Alu element is found only in the clade of mammals that includes primates, tree shrews,rodents, and rabbits. a. What does the observation that the Alu transposon is limited to this clade reveal about its origin and method of spread among species? b. At many sites in the genome, an Alu element is present in humans but absent in chimpanzees, while at many other sites an Alu element is present in chimpanzees but absent in humans. What are two hypotheses that could explain this situation? For any particular site,how could the hypotheses be distinguished?

The period gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes for a stretch of Thr-Gly repeated in tandem. In natural populations, the three most common alleles encode for 17, 20 and 23 Thr-Gly repeats. The amplification by PCR of the allele encoding for 20 Thr-Gly repeats produces a fragment of 320 bp. Using the same set of primers, what is the size expected when amplifying the 17 Thr-Gly allele? 317 303 314 302 In a certain species of plant loci A, B and C have an additive effect on the colour of the flower. Alleles A, B, and C are dominant and alleles a, b and c are recessive. Knowing that a plant with genotype AAbbCc has a pink flower, which genotype, among the ones listed below, will produce the same phenotype? Aabbcc. aabbcc. AaBbCc. AABBCc. In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t) and yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y). In a cross of true-breeding tall yellow peas x dwarf green…

If you compare the frequency of the sixteen possible dinucleotide sequences in the E. coli and human genomes, there are no striking differences except for one dinucleotide, 5ʹ-CG-3ʹ. The frequency of CG dinucleotides in the human genome is significantly lower than in E. coli and significantly lower than expected by chance. Why do you suppose that CG dinucleotides are underrepresented in the human genome? (hint: The C in the CG pair is often methylated). Explain how this observation has an impact on the cells immune response.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 14, Problem 3PDT

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The origin and spread of Alu transposable elements in mammals.

Introduction: The occurrence of short DNA sequences present as many copies in the genome are termed as transposable elements. Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. Alu elements multiply by making copies of itself in different parts of the genome.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The two hypotheses that could explain the presence and absence of Alu sites in chimpanzees and humans.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The ways by which two hypotheses can be distinguished.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 14, Problem 3PDT

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The origin and spread of Alu transposable elements in mammals.

Introduction: The occurrence of short DNA sequences present as many copies in the genome are termed as transposable elements. Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. Alu elements multiply by making copies of itself in different parts of the genome.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The two hypotheses that could explain the presence and absence of Alu sites in chimpanzees and humans.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The ways by which two hypotheses can be distinguished.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 14, Problem 3PDT

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The origin and spread of Alu transposable elements in mammals.

Introduction: The occurrence of short DNA sequences present as many copies in the genome are termed as transposable elements. Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. Alu elements multiply by making copies of itself in different parts of the genome.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The two hypotheses that could explain the presence and absence of Alu sites in chimpanzees and humans.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The ways by which two hypotheses can be distinguished.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 3PDT

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The origin and spread of Alu transposable elements in mammals.

Introduction: The occurrence of short DNA sequences present as many copies in the genome are termed as transposable elements. Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. Alu elements multiply by making copies of itself in different parts of the genome.

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The two hypotheses that could explain the presence and absence of Alu sites in chimpanzees and humans.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The ways by which two hypotheses can be distinguished.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 3PDT

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The origin and spread of Alu transposable elements in mammals.

Introduction: The occurrence of short DNA sequences present as many copies in the genome are termed as transposable elements. Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. Alu elements multiply by making copies of itself in different parts of the genome.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 3PDT

a.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The origin and spread of Alu transposable elements in mammals.

Introduction: The occurrence of short DNA sequences present as many copies in the genome are termed as transposable elements. Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. Alu elements multiply by making copies of itself in different parts of the genome.

Answer 8

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The two hypotheses that could explain the presence and absence of Alu sites in chimpanzees and humans.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

Answer 9

b.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The two hypotheses that could explain the presence and absence of Alu sites in chimpanzees and humans.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

To determine: The ways by which two hypotheses can be distinguished.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To determine: The ways by which two hypotheses can be distinguished.

Introduction: Alu transposable elements are most commonly found in humans. Alu elements constitute approximately 10% of the human genome. These elements would be present at certain sites in humans and would be missing in chimpanzees while certain Alu elements would be present at certain sites in chimpanzees and would be missing in humans.

Answer 12

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Ch. 14 - Prob. 1PDT Ch. 14 - Prob. 2PDT Ch. 14 - Prob. 3PDT Ch. 14 - Prob. 4PDT Ch. 14 - Prob. 5PDT

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