BIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781266739606
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 14, Problem 4MCQ
Summary Introduction
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A small number of birds arrive on an island from a neighboring larger island. This small population begins to adapt to the new food plants available on the island, and their beaks begin to change. About twice a year, one or two more birds from the neighboring island arrive. What effect do these new arrivals have?
A.
Their arrival tends to retard adaptation to the new food plants.
B.
Their arrival speeds the process of speciation.
C.
Their arrival tends to promote adaptation to the new food plants.
D.
Their arrival will likely prompt genetic drift.
E.
Their arrival represents a colonizing event.
a. What are the various types of reproductive isolating mechanisms that can lead to speciation?
b. What are the different modes of speciation?
c. Explain how evolution produce the tremendous amount of diversity among organisms.
which statement is false?
1)In the context of the evolution of senescence, the aphorism "live fast and die young" means that organisms with a more risky behavior will have a shorter life span.
2)Allopatric speciation is a type of speciation process that takes place in different geographic locations.
Chapter 14 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 14.1 - What is the relationship between macroevolution...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.1 - What are some of the challenges in defining...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.3 - Distinguish among allopatric, parapatric, and...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14.4 - Describe the theories of gradualism and punctuated...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2MC
Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14.6 - Describe the taxonomic hierarchy.Ch. 14.6 - What is the advantage of a cladistics approach...Ch. 14.6 - Distinguish between ancestral and derived...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 14.6 - How is a cladogram constructed?Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 6MCCh. 14.7 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14 - The biological species concept defines species...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 14 - A mountain range separates a population of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 14 - What type of reproductive barrier applies to each...Ch. 14 - How does natural selection predict a gradualistic...Ch. 14 - Why do species become extinct? Choose a species...Ch. 14 - Which of the groups in figure 1.9 represent...Ch. 14 - On figure 14.20, circle a monophyletic group, a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1PITCh. 14 - Add fertilization and offspring to this concept...Ch. 14 - Draw pictures of allopatric, parapatric, and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4PIT
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- Which of the following is a good description of Sympatric speciation? A. Speciation without geographic isolation B. Changes in sequence of DNA of an organism C. Speciation due to geographical isolation D. The change in the genetic characteristics of a population of organisms over timearrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following conditions would tend to cause speciation to occur faster (F), or if it would tend to slow down or prevent speciation (S). Put either an F or an S in each box. A. a small sub-group of a population becomes geographically isolated from the main population and experiences new environmental conditions B. a large population of herbivores lives in an environmental where the conditions have remained stable over a long period of time C. a colony of monkeys clinging to floating debris is washed out to sea by a storm and lands on an island with diverse habitats, abundant food, but without any other primates D. a large population of a migratory species splits up every year and takes different routes to their common mating territoryarrow_forwardCompare the forms of speciation that are slow to those that occur more rapidly. Make a list of the slow and fast forms. With regard to mechanisms of genetic change, what features do slow and rapid speciation have in common? What features are different?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not an event that can contribute to allopatric speciation? a. A mountain range forms and splits two populations into populations that begin to turn into new species. b. A subset of individuals disperse to a far away island and begin to turn into a new species. c. Two populations breed in the same location but at different times, and therefore begin to turn into two new species. d. A river splits a population into two populations and the two populations begin to diverge on either side of the river. e. All of these are potential contributors to allopatric speciation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement about the outcome of the evolution of a new species through hybridization is false? a.The new species may have traits that allow it to inhibit environments different from both parental species. b.The new species is always an intermediate of the two parental species c.The new species may have greater genetic diversity and greater trait diversity than the parental species. d.None of the above What are the two ways of looking into evolution in detail? a.Micro frequency change and ascent with modification b.Genotypic and phenotypic modification c.DNA frequency change and inheritance modification d.Allele frequency change and descent with modification Natural selection increases the frequencies of advantageous alleles and decreases deleterious alleles' frequencies. What are the three categories of natural selection depending on the favored traits? a.Directive, selective and native b.Indicative, normative and fixative c.Directional, stabilizing and…arrow_forwardWhy does sympatric speciation via allopolyploidy occur? A. When disruptive selection and assortative mating act contemporaneously (during the same time) B. When strong prezygotic isolation prevents hybridization between two species C. When meiotic error in a single species results in unreduced gametes that can self-fertilize D. When individuals of two species mate and their offspring are sterile but eventually produce unreduced gametes that self-fertilize O E. When geographic isolation and natural selection occur contemporaneouslyarrow_forward
- Which of the following could result in allopatric speciation? A. Two populations of a species are separated by a river that they are unable to cross. B. Two populations of a species are separated by a field that is too dry during the summertime. C. One group within a population mates during the evenings and another during the mornings. D. One group within a population develops a new mating ritual that is not recognized by the other.arrow_forwardBoth octopuses and cuttlefish have a single-lens eye. Their common ancestor also had a single-lens eye. What word describes the relationship between the octopus eye and the cuttlefish eye? a. homologous c. analogous b. vestigial d. convergentarrow_forwardWhich is a criticism of sympatric speciation? A.) many cases of sympatric speciation are actually microallopatry B.) allopatric speciation is less common and scientists should focus more attention on locating additional examples C.) sympatric speciation is only associated with changes in ploidy, a process so rare that it's relatively unimportant D.) since most examples of sympatric speciation involve post zygotic isolation, hybridization nearly always results in their reversalarrow_forward
- What consequences does horizontal gene transfer pose for evolutionary biologists? a. It can pose difficulty in the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees, because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships. b. It can pose physiological problems in some organisms, making it very hard to study them. c. It can pose difficulty in breeding between different individuals of the same species. d. Because it is transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look very more similar than they actually are. e. All of the above.arrow_forwardWhy is reproductive isolation insufficient to define a species? A. Reproductive isolation doesn't take outgroups into account. B. This definition overlooks artificial reproduction, such as in zoos. C. This definition excludes organisms that reproduce asexually. D. Reproductive isolation can be accomplished in a variety of ways.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? a. Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate. b. Punctuated equilibrium is unlikely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate. c. Gradual speciation and punctuated equilibrium both result in the divergence of species. d. Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in a small population that experiences a rapid change in its environment.arrow_forward
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